殷商军团的控弦革命:扳指的发明与战车弓箭手的诞生  

The Shang Legion’s Bow Draw Revolution:the Invention of Thumb Rings and the Birth of Chariot Archers

作　　者：常显玲 贠琰 陈雨石 CHANG Xianling;YUN Yan;CHEN Yushi(School of Wushu,Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan China;School of Physical Education,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan China;School of History&Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan China)

机构地区：[1]成都体育学院武术学院,四川成都610041 [2]四川大学体育学院,四川成都610065 [3]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2022年第3期129-143,共15页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代体育文物调查与数据库建设”(项目编号:15ZDB145)。

摘　　要：以体育史学、考古学、符号学相结合的范式,交互认知考古、民族志考古、过程链考古、文本分析等多重方法,考释“扳指”原初之符号意义。认为:1)作为重要的前置条件,前扳指时代大体经历了“捏箭法”“复合捏箭法”2个时段,二者各有其对应的文化生态,前者对应觅食者移动常态下的生存策略,后者对应阶级分化所致武装化动向的持续增强。2)过往学术史各有千秋,但未能揭示出扳指的文化本相。3)殷墟时代扳指的发明具有里程碑意义。“拇指射法”令殷人在战车兴起阶段即登上了移动平台,开启了中国列装战车弓箭手的滥觞。这一源出中华文明的“控弦革命”,具有重要的文化史意义。希冀呈现匹配研究对象复杂性的学术配置能力,并为体育史的研究提供一个可供参照的阐释策略。Based on the paradigm of sports history,archeology and semiotics,this article elucidates the original symbolic meaning of“thumb rings”via multiple methodologies including cognitive archaeology,ethnoarchaeology,processual archeology and textual analysis. Conclusions:1)The“pre-thumb-ring”era can be divided into two sequential periods in which there were two corresponding cultural systems:“period of‘pinch draw’”when the hunters frequently migrated for survival;“period of‘complex pinch draw’”when the demand for militarization was growing because of class differentiation. 2)Scholarship in the past had its own merits,but failed to reveal the cultural reality of thumb rings. 3)The invention of thumb rings during the Shang Dynasty was a milestone in global history. The creation of the“Mongolian draw”made the Shang people become the first generation of armed Chinese chariot archers. This“draw revolution”springing from Chinese civilization has important cultural and historical significance. This study is expected to present comprehensive research capacity which matches the complexity of the research subject,and provide a strategy for reference when it comes to the study of sports history.

关 键 词：体育史 考古学 弓箭 扳指 战车 

分 类 号：G812.9[文化科学—体育学]