重庆市1129名特殊健康状态儿童首针乙肝疫苗卡介苗迟种原因分析  

A survey of the first injection of hepatitis B and BCG vaccination among 1 129 children with special health status in Chongqing and analysis of their delayed vaccination

作　　者：古吉燕 王念蓉[1] 刘霞[1] 肖贵元 GU Ji-yan;WANG Nian-rong;LIU Xia;XIAO Gui-yuan(Department of Pediatrics,Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院儿科,重庆401147

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2022年第3期33-36,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 了解特殊健康状态儿童的乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种现状,分析其延迟接种原因,提高及时接种率。方法 选取2018年9月1日至2020年1月23日在重庆市妇幼保健院建档并进行预防接种的特殊健康状态儿童1 129名,根据出院诊断将所有儿童进行分类。调取其首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种时间,根据接种情况进行分组,组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果 1 129名特殊健康状态儿童接种后均未出现疑似预防接种异常反应。特殊健康状态儿童群体首针乙肝疫苗及时接种率为71.57%,卡介苗及时接种率为35.51%,乙肝疫苗延迟接种人群中最常见类型为早产儿(48.60%)、心血管疾病(19.94%)、新生儿期疾病(9.35%);卡介苗延迟接种人群中最常见类型分别是心血管疾病(27.47%)、早产儿(27.34%)、新生儿期疾病(11.95%);延迟接种乙肝疫苗的人数与延迟接种卡介苗人数相比差异有统计学意义,延迟接种卡介苗人数更多(χ^(2)=294.92,P<0.01)。结论 特殊健康状态儿童延迟接种现象普遍,经评估后按正常程序接种没有增加不良反应发生,建议按照专家共识正常接种。特殊健康状态儿童乙肝疫苗、卡介苗迟种原因受多因素的影响。社会环境的支持,儿童家长及监护人的理解和配合,医务工作者对疫苗及疾病的理解是真正提高儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率的关键。Objective To analyze the status of hepatitis B and BCG vaccination in children with special health status, and analyze the reasons for the delay of vaccination, so as to improve the timely vaccination rate. Methods We selected 1 129 children with special health status who were registered and vaccinated in Chongqing health center for women and children hospital on September 1,2018 and January 23,2020.All children were classified according to the discharge diagnosis based on discharge record.We extracted the first injection time of hepatitis B and BCG vaccine in children with special health status and divided them into groups according to the vaccination status.The comparison between groups was performed by χ^(2)test. Results None of the 1 129 children with special health status had serious adverse reactions after vaccination.The timely vaccination rate of the first injection of hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccine was 71.57% and 35.51% among children with special health status.The most common diseases in delayed vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine were premature infants(48.60%) and cardiovascular diseases(19.94%) and neonatal disease(9.35%).The most common diseases in the delayed BCG vaccination population were cardiovascular diseases(27.47%) and premature infants(27.34%)and neonatal disease(11.95%).There was a significant difference between the number of delayed hepatitis B vaccination and the number of delayed BCG vaccination, the number of delayed BCG vaccination was more(χ^(2)=294.92,P<0.01). Conclusion Delayed vaccinations were common in children with special health status.Normal vaccination didn’t increase the incidence of adverse reactions in children with special health status.It is recommended to vaccinate normally according to expert consensus.The reasons for the late inoculation of hepatitis B and BCG vaccine in children with special health status may be influenced by many factors.Support from social environment, understanding and cooperation from children′s parents and guardians and understanding o

关 键 词：特殊健康状态儿童 免疫规划 延迟接种 乙肝疫苗 卡介苗 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]