认罪认罚从宽制度的语境选择——协商语境抑或政策语境  

The Contextual Choice of Plea Leniency System——Consultation Context or Policy Context

作　　者：张英哲 ZHANG Yingzhe(College for Law,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2022年第1期104-113,共10页Journal of Henan Police College

摘　　要：认罪认罚从宽制度自推行以来,伴随着契约语境和政策语境的切换与争执,围绕认罪认罚从宽制度所产生的问题、观点,如不嵌入两种语境去阐述、理解,将导致制度逻辑混乱,各种观点无法有效对话。契约语境将权利置换作为制度原动力,将具结书看作控辩双方协商后达成的“契约”。该语境下对被追诉人的权利克减较多,可能出现无辜被告人认罪的错案,并且与我国司法体系有一定冲突。政策语境将从宽作为对被追诉人认罪认罚的“恩惠”,具结书被视为认罪保证书。该语境下,被追诉人的认罪自愿性保障有待完善,“恩惠”式逻辑阻碍制度发展,尤其是被告人反悔后证据仍可以使用,挫伤了被追诉人认罪的积极性。随着认罪认罚从宽制度的发展,实质协商的逐步实现,也将政策语境向契约语境过渡,在此种过渡中,需要引入合意性价值理念,保障被追诉人争取积极筹码的权利,并且探索新型司法责任体系。Since the implementation of the plea leniency system,the contractual and policy contexts have constantly switched and argued.Therefore,from the issues and perspectives arising from the plea leniency system,we find that if we do not embed the two contexts to elaborate and understand the plea leniency system,it will lead to confusion in the logic of the system and various perspectives cannot be effectively dialogued.The contractual context takes the replacement of rights as the driving force of the system,and regards the affidavit as a"contract"reached after negotiation between the prosecution and the defense.In this context,the rights of the accused are more derogated,which may result in wrongful admission of guilt by innocent defendants and conflict with our judicial system.The policy context treats leniency as a"favor"for the accused to plead guilty,and treats the affidavit as a plea of guilty.In this context,the voluntary nature of the accused’s plea needs to be improved,and the"favor"logic hinders the development of the system,especially since the evidence can still be used after the defendant’s remorse,which discourages the accused from pleading guilty.With the development of the plea leniency system,the gradual realization of substantive negotiation also transitions the policy context to a contractual context,in which the value of consensuality needs to be introduced to guarantee the right of the pursued person to seek positive leverage and to explore a new judicial responsibility system.

关 键 词：认罪认罚从宽 协商性司法 契约理论 刑事政策 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]