“该+VP”结构的主观性及其动因  

The Subjectivity and Motivation of“Gai(该)+VP”Structure

作　　者：吴丽花[1] 金光洙[1] Wu Lihua;Jin Guangzhu

机构地区：[1]延边大学朝汉文学院,延吉133002

出　　处：《延边大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期89-97,143,共10页Journal of Yanbian University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA306);延边大学外国语言文学世界一流学科建设攻关科研项目(18YLGG01)。

摘　　要：现代汉语中,“该+VP”结构作为常用情态表达结构,使用频率特别高。“该+VP”结构在话语使用中,有两种情态功能:道义情态与认识情态。在进入话语时,要么表达“情理上应该如此”,要么表达“估计情况应该如此”。研究发现,由于其本身特有的情态功能,“该+VP”结构或多或少地带有主观性特点。而其主观性并不是一成不变的,在话语表达中,根据认识上可能性量值的高低,整个结构的语义会游移在主观与客观之间,呈现纵向的量值等级序列。另一方面,“该+VP”结构的主观性程度随情态动词“该”的语义演变历程愈发强烈,主观化倾向与情态动词“该”的语法化路径呈单向性。“该+VP”结构的主观性并非凭空而来,说话人的主观判断离不开特定命题依据的支撑。“Gai(该)+VP”structure is used frequently as a common modality expression in Chinese.“Gai(该)+VP”structure has two modal functions:moral modality and cognitive modality.When inserted into discourse,it either expresses“it should be so”,or“it should be as estimated”.It has been found that“Gai(该)+VP”structure features more or less changeable subjectivity.The semantic meaning of the structure transfers between subjectivity and objectivity in line with cognitive possibility and presents hierarchy in discourse.Furthermore,the subjectivity of“Gai(该)+VP”gradually increases with the evolution of the semantic meaning of“gai(该)”and the trend of subjectivization and the grammatical path of“gai(该)”are unidirectional.The subjectivity of“Gai(该)+VP”is well-founded because speaker’s subjective judgement is supported by specific proposition evidence.

关 键 词：“该+VP”结构 主观性 客观性 主观化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]