从“后殖民”到“后文明”——古尔纳《海边》中的世界主义  

From Postcolonialism to Post-Civilization:Cosmopolitanism in Gurnah’s By the Sea

作　　者：蒋晖 Jiang Hui(the School of Foreign Languages,the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2022年第2期30-45,共16页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“南非左翼文学期刊《搭车者》的生成、演变和历史作用研究”(18YJA752006)。

摘　　要：古尔纳的小说《海边》是21世纪非洲文学中最为雄心勃勃的作品。它以两个小人物的命运为线索,在一个十分广阔的历史视野中反思了桑给巴尔的现代民族国家运动史,其中涉及由于西方殖民导致的印度洋阿拉伯商贸帝国的衰败、社会主义东德对于坦桑尼亚现代化道路的影响以及英国如何以“世界主义”伦理精神重构与前殖民地的关系等重大问题。古尔纳《海边》并不是一部单纯的文学作品,而是努力介入1990年代由民主化浪潮推动的对桑给巴尔历史的再叙述。《海边》以一种“世界主义”话语来替代非洲文学中久已形成的民族国家叙事传统,显示非洲文学开始从“后殖民”模式转向“后文明”模式,或者也可称为“后帝国”模式。Abdulrazak Gurnah’s By the Sea is,probably,the most ambitious novel in the 21st-century African literature.By tracing the fate of two insignificant figures,it reflects on the history of the modern nation-state movement in Zanzibar from a broad historical perspective and touches upon a series of major issues,such as the collapse of the Indo-Arabian commercial empire due to the Western colonialization,the impact upon Tanzania’s path of modernization from the socialist East Germany,and the way in which England changes its relationship with its former colonies through the ethical spirit of cosmopolitanism.With an analysis of how,both in Gurnah’s writings and the studies of him in the West,the discourse of cosmopolitanism has become a mainstream paradigm for understanding the modern history of Africa,this article argues that Gurnah’s By the Sea is not just a simple piece of literature,but rather an all-out attempt to take part in recounting the history of Zanzibar in the wake of democratization during the 1990s.Also,the article contends that Gurnah is changing the direction of African literary writing,from a mode of postcolonialism to that of post-civilization or,perhaps,post-empire.

关 键 词：古尔纳 《海边》 世界主义 后文明写作 后殖民写作 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]