欧里庇得斯《美狄亚》中的修辞与伦理  

Rhetoric and Ethics in Euripides’Medea

作　　者：罗峰[1] Luo Feng(the School of Foreign Languages,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学英语系

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2022年第2期109-119,共11页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中外戏剧经典的跨文化阐释与传播”(20&ZD283);浙江省哲学社科规划领军人才培育专项课题“柏拉图伦理作品研究、翻译与笺注”(20NDJC043YB)。

摘　　要：在欧里庇得斯最著名的悲剧《美狄亚》中,诗人以一种独特的女性视角质疑了传统英雄主义。美狄亚俨然传统英雄原则最坚定的捍卫者,却吊诡地彻底否定了荷马以降的英雄主义。通过钩沉智术师修辞术与雅典民主制结合带来的“启蒙的自利”,诗人批评了智术师启蒙给政治带来的恶果。雅典民主制鼓励民众对自由和爱欲的普遍追求,为个人主义和爱欲的解放提供了沃土和合法性。而由智术师修辞术带来的价值相对主义,最终也必然由自利的个人主义遁入道德虚无。雅典民主制内含的悖谬也通过“赫利俄斯的龙车”意象昭然若揭:大胆追逐爱欲的个体犯下罪行,却能以神圣之名逃之夭夭。个人主义与道德虚无堪称雅典民主制下奋不顾身追逐爱欲结出的并蒂“恶之花”。In his best-known tragedy,Medea,Euripides questions the notion of traditional heroism from a unique feminine perspective.Medea is presented as the staunchest defender of the principle of traditional hero,but paradoxically she completely rejects the notion of heroism that became commonly acknowledged after Homer.Through a survey of the“enlightened self-interest,”effected by the integration of the sophistic rhetoric with the Athenian democracy,Euripides criticizes the disastrous consequences brought by the Enlightenment of the sophists.The Athenian democracy encourages people to pursue freedom and eros,thereby providing the fertile soil and legitimacy for individualism and the liberation of eros.In the end,the value relativism brought by sophists’rhetoric inevitably shifts from self-concerned individualism to moral nihilism.The paradox,which is implicit in the Athenian democracy,is vividly shown in the image of“Helios’Chariot”:the individual who commits a crime while boldly pursuing eros may still evade a punishment under a sacred excuse.As it were,individualism and moral nihilism may very well be perceived as the two“flowers of evil”in the wake of embracing,recklessly,eros in the Athenian democracy.

关 键 词：欧里庇得斯 《美狄亚》 修辞 伦理 道德虚无 

分 类 号：I545.073[文学—其他各国文学]