四川省自贡市学龄前儿童弱视现状及其影响因素  

Current situation and influencing factors of amblyopia in preschool children in Zigong, Sichuan

作　　者：刘晓[1] 张宏艳[1] 李爽乐[1] LIU Xiao;ZHANG Hong-yan;LI Shuang-le(Zigong First People’s Hospital,Zigong 643000,China)

机构地区：[1]自贡市第一人民医院,四川643000

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2022年第3期318-320,329,共4页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：四川省成都中医药大学2020年度学科人才科研提升计划(YYZX2020116)。

摘　　要：目的探究四川省自贡市学龄前儿童弱视现状及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样选取四川省自贡市8所幼儿园(城区4个、郊区4个)的学龄前儿童进行弱视检查,收集儿童及母亲资料,经单因素、多因素分析学龄前儿童弱视的影响因素。结果943名学龄前儿童中男468名,女475名;年龄3~6岁,中位年龄[4.00(4.00,5.00)]岁。筛查出弱视47例,患病率为4.98%,其中以屈光不正性弱视为主(36.17%),其次为屈光参差性弱视(34.04%)、斜视性弱视(21.28%)、形觉剥夺性弱视(8.51%)。母亲妊娠期吸烟、妊娠期饮酒、孕次、产次、儿童斜视病史、早产、屈光不正家族史与儿童弱视发生有关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,母亲妊娠期吸烟(OR=10.450)、产次≥3次(OR=3.508)、儿童斜视病史(OR=16.877)、早产(OR=4.285)、屈光不正家族史(OR=9.075)是学龄前儿童弱视发生的危险因素。结论学龄期儿童弱视的影响因素可能为有斜视病史、早产、屈光不正家族史,以及母亲妊娠期吸烟和产次。Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of amblyopia in preschool children in Zigong city,Sichuan province.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,preschool children from 8 kindergartens(4 in urban areas and 4 in suburban areas)in Zigong City,Sichuan Province were selected for amblyopia examination.The data of children and mothers were collected.The influencing factors of preschool children‘s amblyopia were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods.Results Among 943 preschool children,468 were male and 475 were female,aged 3-6 years,with the median age of[4.00(4.00,5.00)]years old.Forty-seven cases of amblyopia were screened,and the prevalence rate was 4.98%,of which ametropic amblyopia accounted for 36.17%,anisometropic amblyopia accounted for 34.04%,strabismus amblyopia accounted for 21.28%,and form deprivation amblyopia accounted for 8.51%.Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy,gravidity,parity,history of children’s strabismus,premature delivery and family history of ametropia were related to the occurrence of children‘s amblyopia(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy(OR=10.450),parity≥3 times(OR=3.508),history of children’s strabismus(OR=16.877),premature delivery(OR=4.285),and family history of ametropia(OR=9.075)were the risk factors of amblyopia in preschool children.Conclusion The influencing factors of amblyopia in preschool children may be the history of strabismus,premature delivery,family history of ametropia,smoking during pregnancy and parity of maternal.

关 键 词：弱视 学龄前儿童 斜视 屈光不正 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]