数据产品的界定和法律保护  

The Definition and Legal Protection of Data Products

作　　者：李晓珊[1] LI Xiaoshan(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《法学论坛》2022年第3期122-131,共10页Legal Forum

摘　　要：数据产品与原始数据、数据库特殊权利、著作权均不应被置于同一维度来考察。数据产品应属财产权,具有排他性和明确的权利内涵,具有占有、使用、收益和处分权能。在行为法保护路径下,反不正当竞争法对数据产品的“竞争主体”和“竞争范围”所作的扩张性解释存在泛化“一般条款”的趋势,弱化了司法的可预见性。因此,应通过赋权路径实现对数据产品的保护,但需要对以下问题保持关切:明确数据产品之财产权的内涵;数据控制者需被课以严格的再识别风险防范义务;基于数据流动、共享和增值的理念,网络平台作为数据的控制者,其限制访问的条款之正当性应受到质疑,且网络平台无权对访问者区别对待;数据产品的权利人可通过“可追溯日志”的方式来记录其对数据的增值过程;在面对公共利益的需要时,数据产品财产权应受到限制。Data products,original data,special rights of database and copyright should not be considered in the same dimension.Data products belong to property rights,with exclusive and clear connotation of rights,and have the power of possession,use,profit and disposal.In the model of behavior law protection,the expansive interpretation of "competition subject" and "competition scope" of data products made by anti-unfair competition law tends to generalize "general provisions",which weakens the foreseeability of justice.As a result,the empowerment model to protect data products has to respond to the following questions:the data controller needs to be imposed a strict obligation to prevent the identify risk;Based on the concept of data flow,sharing and value-added,the network platform,as the controller of data,should be questioned about the legitimacy of its restrictions on visiting the website,and the network platform has no right to treat visitors differently.The owner of data products can record the process of adding value to data through "traceability log".In the face of public interest,property rights of data products should be limited.

关 键 词：数据产品 财产权 权利内涵 赋权路径 

分 类 号：D913.4[政治法律—民商法学]