中蜂形态鉴定与分子生物学遗传特性研究进展(1)  

Research Progress on Morphological Identification and Molecular Biological Genetic Characteristics of Apis cerana cerana(1)

作　　者：徐祖荫 XU Zu-yin(Guizhou Xu Zuyin Beekeeping Studio,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州徐祖荫养蜂工作室,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《蜜蜂杂志》2022年第5期25-27,共3页Journal of Bee

摘　　要：近20年来,我国学者运用几何形态学、分子生物学对中蜂分类及遗传学特性持续研究。结果表明,我国境内中蜂已分化为不同的地理生态类型。不同生态类型中蜂从形态特征到基因检测均不完全相同,具有独特的形态和基因标记。中蜂随维度北移、海拔升高、年平均气温降低,体型变大、体色变深。大量的研究印证了第一次全国中蜂资源普查的结果。地理、生境隔离和生态条件的变化是造成中蜂种群分化的主要原因,疾病和人为因素起次要作用。总体来说,我国中蜂遗传多态性丰富,但在一些地区(如吉林的长白山)的中蜂遗传多态性低,应注意加强保护。In the past 20 years,Chinese scholars have used geometry morphology and molecular biology to continuously study the classification and genetic characteristics of Apis cerana cerana.The results showed that the Apis cerana cerana have been divided into different geographical ecological types in China.Apis cerana cerana in different ecological types are not exactly the same from morphological characteristics to gene detection,and have unique morphological and genetic markers.With the northward movement of dimension,the increase of altitude and the decrease of annual average temperature,the size of the Apis cerana cerana becomes larger and the color of the body becomes darker.A large number of studies have confirmed the results of the first national census of Apis cerana cerana resources.Geographical isolation,habitat isolation and changes in ecological conditions are the main reasons for the population differentiation,while diseases and human factors playing a secondary role.In general,the genetic polymorphism of Apis cerana cerana is rich in China,but in some areas(such as Changbai Mountain in Jilin province),the genetic polymorphism of Apis cerana cerana is low,which should be protected.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 种下分类 几何形态学 分子生物学 遗传多态性 

分 类 号：S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]