超润湿膜在乳化液破乳中的应用及作用机制  

The Application and Mechanism of Superwetting Membrane in Demulsification of Oil-in-Water Emulsions

作　　者：尹晓庆 陈玮豪 邓博苑 张佳路 刘婉琪 彭开铭[1] Xiaoqing Yin;Weihao Chen;Boyuan Deng;Jialu Zhang;Wanqi Liu;Kaiming Peng(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《化学进展》2022年第3期580-592,共13页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51978490);“十三五”国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07202003-02);上海市自然科学基金项目(No.20ZDR1461200);上海市大学生创新训练项目(No.S202005011)资助。

摘　　要：超润湿膜材料由于对水和油有独特的润湿性质,可显著提高膜材料处理乳化液的通量,有效缓解严重的膜污染问题,因此在乳化液废水处理领域受到越来越多的重视。本文从超润湿膜的设计制备、分离效果和作用机制三个方面进行分析和总结。超润湿膜材料包括超亲水膜、Janus膜和功能位点膜,主要通过构建亲水表面和粗糙结构进行膜的设计制备,其中静电纺丝法合成的交联纤维膜由于可以突破筛分效应对膜孔径的限制,在乳化液分离中具有较好的应用前景。同时,归纳超亲水膜的滤水破乳模式和Janus膜的集油破乳模式,前者具有操作压力低、过滤通量高、抗污染性能好的特点,后者具有高纯度集油的特点;并分析膜润湿性、膜孔径、膜上功能位点等膜结构性质和表面活性剂浓度大小等因素对乳化液破乳分离效能的影响规律。最后,总结液滴在膜垂向和切向上的迁移转化规律,以及在Janus膜集油破乳过程中液滴穿透过膜的机制及其力学分析探讨,该部分研究当前主要是基于液滴形态变化的推测和力学的定性分析,对于相关机制的实证和定量的力学分析还有待进一步探究。Superwetting membrane can significantly improve the flux of emulsion treatment and effectively alleviate serious membrane pollution problems due to its unique wetting properties of water and oil. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the field of emulsion wastewater treatment. In this paper, the design and preparation methods of superhydrophilic membrane, Janus membrane and superwetting membrane with functional sites are summarized, the separation effect is evaluated and the mechanism of action is explored. The membrane is designed and prepared mainly by constructing hydrophilic surface and rough structure. The cross-linked fiber membrane synthesized by electrospinning method has a good application prospect in emulsion separation because it can break through the limitation of membrane pore size caused by screening effect. At the same time, depending on the type of oil/water separation mode and the application of membranes, we induce the filtration demulsification mode of superhydrophilic membrane and the oil gathering demulsification mode of Janus membrane and their characteristic, the former has the characteristics of low operating pressure, high filtration flux and good anti pollution performance, while the latter has the characteristics of high purity oil gathering. The effect of membrane structure and surfactant concentration on emulsion separation efficiency is also analyzed. Then, the vertical and tangential migration and transformation of droplets in the process of emulsion treatment by superwetting membrane are summarized, and the mechanism of droplet penetrating through the membrane in the process of Janus membrane oil gathering and demulsification and its mechanical analysis are discussed. At present, this part of research is mainly based on the prediction of droplet morphology and qualitative analysis of mechanics, the empirical and quantitative mechanical analysis of relevant mechanisms still need to be further studied. On this basis, a new idea and direction for the subsequent treatment

关 键 词：含油废水 乳化液 表面活性剂 超润湿 膜分离 

分 类 号：O647[理学—物理化学]