热熔灌输法制备三维骨架支撑金属锂复合负极  

Three-Dimension Skeleton Supported Lithium Metal Composite Anodes through Thermal Infusing Strategy

作　　者：岳昕阳 包戬 马萃 吴晓京[1] 周永宁[1] Xinyang Yue;Jian Bao;Cui Ma;Xiaojing Wu;Yongning Zhou(Departmant of Materials Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200344,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学材料科学系,上海200433

出　　处：《化学进展》2022年第3期683-695,共13页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.52071085)资助。

摘　　要：金属锂因具有极高的理论比容量(3860 mAh/g)和最低的电化学势(相对于标准氢电极为-3.04 V),被认为是下一代高比能锂离子电池的首选负极材料。然而,金属锂负极在电池循环过程中发生的刺状枝晶生长和体积变化等问题严重阻碍了其产业化应用进程。近年来研究表明,通过在金属锂中引入具有三维(3D)结构的宿主骨架,不但能有效抑制锂枝晶的生长,而且可以缓解金属锂负极的体积变化,从而提高金属锂电池的循环性能与安全性。因此,设计3D骨架/金属锂复合负极被认为是一种能有效解决金属锂问题的新兴策略。本文综述了热熔灌输法制备3D骨架/金属锂复合负极的研究进展。首先讨论了当前基于3D骨架的预存金属锂技术,然后着重分析了热熔灌输策略中3D骨架锂润湿性的影响因素,以及不同3D骨架修饰特征和改性方法。最后对3D骨架/金属锂复合负极和热熔灌输策略现存问题进行了总结并提出未来的发展方向。Lithium metal is regarded as the most promising anode material for the next-generation lithium batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g) and lowest electrochemical potential(-3.04 V vs SHE). However, dendrite growth and volume changes in Li metal anodes during battery cycles hinder the industrialization of Li metal anodes severely. Recent research progress has shown that introducing 3 D host in Li metal can not only suppress dendrite growth, but also relieve volume changes of Li anode, thus improving cycle performance and safety of lithium metal batteries. Therefore, designing 3 D host/Li metal composite anodes is regarded as an emerging strategy that can solve the problem of Li metal anodes effectively. This review summaries the recent progress on 3 D host/Li metal composite anodes prepared by thermal infusion strategy. We firstly discuss prelithiation methods of 3 D host and analyze influencing factors of host lithiophilicity in thermal molten infusing. Afterwards, different 3 D host framework and their features are discussed followed by the improved strategies. Finally, we summarize existing problems of 3 D host/Li metal composite anodes and give their future prospects.

关 键 词：锂电池 金属锂负极 三维骨架 热熔灌输法 锂润湿性 

分 类 号：TM911.24[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]