软熟期不同水分处理对阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片光合特性和果实品质性状的影响  

Effects of different water treatments during veraison to ripening period on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality traits of Shine Muscat grapes

作　　者：刘凯杰 方海猛 何雪 谭君[1] 夏龙腾 杨梅 张凯[1] 杨国顺[1] 许延帅 LIU Kaijie;FANG Haimeng;HE Xue;TAN Jun;XIA Longteng;YANG Mei;ZHANG Kai;YANG Guoshun;XU Yanshuai(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Grapes,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院·湖南省葡萄工程技术研究中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第5期764-772,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29-zp-9);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(19C0926)。

摘　　要：【目的】湖南地区根域限制栽培条件下,在软熟期(花后60~110 d)通过设置不同程度土壤含水量处理,确定阳光玫瑰葡萄软熟期最适宜的土壤含水量范围。【方法】对阳光玫瑰进行不同程度[T1(土壤含水量为田间持水率的75%~85%)、T2(土壤含水量为田间持水率的65%~<75%)、T3(土壤含水量为田间持水率的55%~<65%)和T4(土壤含水量为田间持水率的45%~<55%)]的水分处理,测定其叶片光合特性和果实品质性状指标。【结果】成熟时(花后110 d)各处理果实可溶性固形物含量与果皮色差值a*(红绿色)之间呈极显著线性关系;T2处理使成熟后果实可溶性固形物含量显著提高8.0%,果实可滴定酸含量显著降低9.1%,固酸比显著提升18.8%,果皮厚度显著降低25.6%,果实硬度显著增加14.59%,丙二醛含量显著增加15.35%;各项光合参数(Pn、Tr、Gs和Ci)大多表现为T1、T2>T3、T4;在处理后15 d内,水分利用率T4>T3>T2>T1,15 d以后,水分利用率T1>T4>T3>T2。【结论】湖南地区根域限制条件下,在软熟期进行T2处理,即不影响光合特性又能改善成熟后果实品质性状,因此在阳光玫瑰软熟期土壤含水量为田间持水率的65%~<75%最为适宜。【Objective】At present,more than 66.7 thousands hectare of Shine Muscat grape has been planted in China.The root zone restricted cultivation of table grape is one of very important cultivation method for Shine Muscat grape.Compared with conventional cultivation methods,the grapevine is much easier to lose soil water under root restriction.This study evaluated the photosynthetic parameters and berry quality indicators of the Shine Muscat grapes under the root restriction model with different soil water content ranges(45%-<85%)in Hunan province to obtain the most suitable range of soil water content during the veraison to ripening period.【Methods】During the veraison to the maturity period(60 to 110 days after full flowering),four soil moisture content range treatments were made on the Shine Muscat grapevines by the temperature and humidity sensor to detecting the soil moisture contents to determine and compare the photosynthetic characteristics,water use efficiency(WUE)and fruit quality indicators.The treatments were 75%-85%(T1,adequate water supply),65%-<75%(T2,mild water stress),55%-<65%(T3,moderate water stress)and 45%-<55%(T4,severe water stress)of field moisture capacity of soil water moisture.The soluble solid substances and chromatic aberrations of grape berries with four treatments were compared.【Results】Under water stress,the fruit soluble solid content of the berries increased,accompanied by the obvious change of the berry color from green to yellow and the formation of many rust on pericarp.In the ripening period(110 days after full flowering),there was a higher significant linear relationship(Sig.<0.01)between the soluble solids of each treatment and the peel chromatic aberration value a*(which could approximately represent red and green color values of berry pericarp).The linear equation was:Y=1.239 X+18.953,coefficient of determination R2=0.326.while there was no significant linear relationship(sig.>0.05)with b*value(which could approximately represent yellow and blue color values of berry

关 键 词：阳光玫瑰葡萄 软熟期 水分处理 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]