低温胁迫对2种主要砧穗组合砂糖橘幼树抗寒性的影响  

Effect of two main rootstock species on cold resistance of Shatangju mandarin saplings under low temperature stress

作　　者：郭雁君[1,2] 吉前华[1,2] 杜鹏飞 黄火金 许冰玲 GUO Yanjun;JI Qianhua;DU Pengfei;HUANG Huojin;XU Bingling(Fruit Research Institute,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing 526061,Guangdong,China;College of Life Sciences,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing 526061,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]肇庆学院果树研究所,广东肇庆526061 [2]肇庆学院生命科学学院,广东肇庆526061

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第5期784-799,共16页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”项目(CARS-26);广东省科技厅农村科技特派员项目(2021-1056-9-4)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究广东肇庆主要使用的2种砧木对砂糖橘(Citrus reticulata‘Shatangju’)抗寒性的影响,为优化其引种栽培和苗木繁育提供科学支撑。【方法】以枳壳[Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.]砧、酸橘(C.sunki Hort.exTanaka)砧3年生砂糖橘为试材,在人工气候室中48 h内从10℃梯次降温至(3±0.5)℃、(-3±0.5)℃分别胁迫24 h,然后,经48 h梯次升温至10℃,24 h后转移至塑料温室中常规栽培90 d,期间调查测定落叶量、生长量、生物量,定期测试分析抗寒生理特性。【结果】在(3±0.5)℃、(-3±0.5)℃胁迫后栽培的90 d中,砂糖橘酸橘砧植株单株落叶数量减小幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大412.2%、134.5%,落叶质量减小幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大546.6%、1098.0%;胁迫后90 d酸橘砧植株株高降低幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大5.0%、16.3%,地径减小幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大75.0%、8.8%,冠幅减小幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大231.6%、52.2%,全株生物量减小幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大465.4%、45.6%。(3±0.5)℃、(-3±0.5)℃胁迫后90 d,酸橘砧植株叶片叶绿素含量(Chl c)降低幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大101.1%、27.0%,光合速率(Pn)降低幅度分别大65.8%、52.2%,叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)升高幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大44.1%、99.9%,叶片气孔导度(Gs)升高幅度较枳壳砧植株分别大41.3%、39.7%。低温胁迫导致砂糖橘叶片碳同化关键酶(Rubisco)、FBP、Ald及PEPC的活性均较同期对照显著降低,叶片水分饱和亏缺(WSD)显著加重、丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,枳壳砧植株的变化幅度显著小于酸橘砧植株。【结论】砂糖橘枳壳砧植株抗寒性显著强于酸橘砧植株,其机制主要在于低温胁迫下落叶程度轻,根系较发达,叶片较厚重,光合效率较高,叶片抗脱水、抗膜脂过氧化能力强。【Objectives】This work aimed to explore the effects of two rootstocks mainly used in the citrus production of Zhaoqing,Guangdong on the cold resistance of the famous local citrus variety Shatangju mandarin(Citrus reticulate‘Shatangju’)in order to provide a scientific basis for optimizing its introduction,cultivation and propagation of grafted seedlings.【Methods】The three-year-old Shatangju mandarin plants grafted on trifoliate orange[Poncirus trifoliate(L.)Raf.]stock and sunki mandarin(C.sunki Hort.ex Tanaka)stock were used as experimental materials.The plants were placed in a lowtemperature climate chamber,cooling down in steps,and suffered from low temperature stress under(3±0.5)℃and(-3±0.5)℃for 24 h,respectively.Then,the room temperature was raised to 10℃in steps,and after 24 hours,they were transferred to plastic greenhouses for conventional cultivation.When cultivated for 90 d,all the plants were harvested and tested separately.During the period,the test and analysis of the physiological characteristics were carried out.The plants not subjected to low temperature stress in each stock-scion combination were used as controls.【Results】The number of fallen leaves per plant of Shatangju mandarin grafted on sunki mandarin(Shatangju/sunki combination)decreased significantly,compared with the plant grafted on trifoliate orange stock(Shatangju/trifoliate combination)during 90 d of cultivation after stress at(3±0.5)℃and(-3±0.5)℃,respectively,being 412.2%and134.5%larger,and the weight reduction of the fallen leaves was 546.6%and 1098.0%larger than that of Shatangju/trifoliate combination,respectively;after 90 d of stress,the reduction of plant height of Shatangju/sunki combination was 5.0%and 16.3%larger than that of Shatangju/trifoliate combination,and the reduction of ground diameter was 75.0%and 8.8%larger than that of Shatangju/trifoliate combination,respectively.The reduction of crown width was 231.6%and 52.2%larger than that of Shatangju/trifoliate combination,respectively;and the red

关 键 词：柑橘 砧木 低温胁迫 叶片气体交换 碳同化关键酶 膜脂过氧化 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]