白沙枇杷裂果的钙素调控生理研究  

Influence of calcium on fruit cracking and its physiological mechanism in white flesh loquats

作　　者：王引[1] 倪海枝[1] 颜帮国 陈方永[1] WANG Yin;NI Haizhi;YAN Bangguo;CHEN Fangyong(Citrus Research Institute,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taizhou 318026,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院柑橘研究所,浙江台州318026

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第5期826-835,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：浙江省农业科学院学科建设项目[(2018)No.8]。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨钙素营养与白沙枇杷裂果的重要关系及其对果实相关生理过程的调控作用。【方法】选取软条白沙作为研究对象,测定了裂果与正常果果实中矿质元素含量、相关酶活性及内源激素含量,研究了Ca^(2+)在枇杷果实发育过程中的动态变化及外源喷钙效果。【结果】裂果果皮、果肉中钙含量显著低于正常果,裂果率与果皮钙含量呈显著负相关;裂果果皮中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、果胶酶(PG)、纤维素酶(CL)活性较高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较低;裂果率与PPO活性、PG活性、CL活性呈显著正相关,与果皮SOD活性、CAT活性呈显著负相关。裂果果肉中GA3含量与果皮中ABA含量较正常果显著升高。果皮钙含量与果皮SOD活性呈显著正相关,与果皮PPO活性、PG活性、CL活性、ABA含量呈显著负相关。幼果期果实Ca^(2+)含量最高,到膨大期显著下降。花期和幼果期喷钙显著提高了果实中钙含量和果皮SOD、CAT活性,降低POD、PPO、PG、CL活性和果皮ABA含量、果肉GA3含量。【结论】白沙枇杷果实钙素营养的吸收主要发生在幼果期到膨大期,果实钙素营养不足是导致枇杷裂果的重要原因之一。钙可通过调节活性氧清除、细胞壁水解与激素合成降低白沙枇杷裂果率。【Objective】White flesh loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)has good quality and sweet taste,which is deeply loved by consumers.However,the peel of loquat is thin,and easy to crack in rainy weather from fruit expanding to mature stage.Fruit cracking can result in quality reduction and production decline,and lead to serious economic losses.Therefore,this study aimed to clarify the effect of calcium and related physiological changes on fruit cracking of white flesh loquats,and reveal the mechanism of calcium regulating physiological process.【Methods】The experiment was carried out at a loquat orchard of Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang province,Taizhou(E121.25°,N28.65°),from2019 to 2020.8-year white-fleshed loquat trees(Ruantiaobaisha)were taken as testing materials.40 loquat trees with same growth vigor were randomly selected to investigate the fruit quantity and cracking fruit number of each tree,and calculate the cracking fruit rate(Cracking fruit rate/%=Cracking fruit number/total fruit number×100).Then normal fruit samples were collected from trees with light cracking(cracking rate<5%)and cracking samples from trees with severe cracking(cracking rate>20%).5 fruits of the uniform size were collected from east,west,north,south and middle directions and 20fruits from 4 trees were mixed into one sample.Three replicates were set for all treatments.In addition,fruits were collected at young fruit stage(February 1),color turning stage(March 25),expansion stage(April 15)and maturity stage(May 15),respectively,to determine the Ca^(2+)content in fruits at different development stages.According to the results of fruit cracking investigation,the fruit trees with severe cracking degree were selected for spraying 0.05%CaCl;on November 25,2019(30 days after flowering),December 25,2019(60 days after flowering)and January 25,2020(90 days after flowering).Distilled water was sprayed as a control.The cracking rate was investigated in May 2020,and normal fruits were picked from calcium-spraying trees and cracked fruit

关 键 词：枇杷 裂果 钙 酶活性 内源激素 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学]