不同类型土壤栽培香榧种仁品质综合评价和分析  

Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of kernel quality of Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’from different soil types

作　　者：曹永庆[1] 任华东[1] 王开良[1] 姚小华[1] CAO Yongqing;REN Huadong;WANG Kailiang;YAO Xiaohua(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第5期836-845,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100801)。

摘　　要：【目的】对不同母岩发育土壤栽培的香榧种仁品质进行综合评价和分析,为高品质香榧的栽培和生产提供借鉴和参考。【方法】以火山灰土、花岗岩风化土、砂土、黄泥土和石灰岩土5种不同类型土壤栽培的香榧林为对象,分析土壤养分与香榧品质性状的相关关系,基于灰色系统关联度分析法对种仁含油率和蛋白质、水解氨基酸、淀粉、可溶性糖、矿质元素和维生素E含量等品质性状以及炒制加工风味进行综合评价。【结果】不同类型土壤pH值、有机质和矿质元素含量的变异系数在19.02%~177.20%之间;土壤pH值与镁元素呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.01),与钙、锌元素呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05);有机质与水解性氮、钙与镁元素、镁与锌元素、锰与锌元素含量分别呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05);不同类型土壤香榧种仁含油率、蛋白质和水解氨基酸含量变异系数在3.42%~4.85%之间,淀粉、可溶性糖、矿质元素和维生素E含量的变异系数在7.11%~38.09%之间;土壤有机质与种仁淀粉、可溶性糖含量间的相关系数分别为0.902、0.893(p<0.05),土壤水解性氮含量与种仁淀粉含量间的相关系数为0.965(p<0.01),而且土壤矿质元素和种仁矿质元素含量间也存在显著相关关系;砂土栽培香榧种仁风味指标、内在营养指标和加工感官品质的灰色关联度综合评价排名分别为第1、第2和第1,香榧种仁风味指标和加工感官品质灰色关联度值的相关系数达0.958(p<0.01)。【结论】不同母岩发育土壤的香榧种仁品质特征差异较大,其中,砂土种植的香榧综合品质最佳;种仁含油率和蛋白质、水解氨基酸、淀粉和可溶性糖含量可作为灰色关联度分析的量化指标用于评判香榧的加工感官品质。【Objective】Torreya grandis is a large,evergreen and economic plant belonging to Taxaceae family and Torreya genus.As the representative and commonly cultivated T.grandis variety in China,Merrillii is well known for its edibility and its seed is one of the world’s rare dry fruits with distinctive texture,charming flavor and physiological function.Previous studies suggest that the nut quality is obviously influenced by nutrition management and ecological condition.With the increasing of the plantation area of T.grandis,many trees have been planted in variable types of soil,while the effect of soil types on nuts quality is still unclear.To provide a reference for high quality T.grandis cultivation,The kernel quality traits of Merrillii from different soil types were evaluated and the correlations between soil nutrients and kernel quality traits were analyzed in this study.【Methods】The 15-20 years old Merrillii plantations with five soil types including volcanic ash soil,granite weathered soil,sandy soil,yellow loam and calcareous soil in Zhejiang province were selected to analyze soil nutrients and kernel quality traits.The p H value,organic matter,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,calcium,magnesium,manganese,ferrum and zinc contents in different soil types,and the contents of oil,protein,hydrolytic amino acids,starch,soluble sugars,potassium,calcium,magnesium,manganese,ferrum,zinc and vitamin E in fully ripe kernel were determined by standard chemical processes.The processing sensory quality of kernel including biting sense,fragrance,sweet taste and texture were measured using expert marking method.The relations between soil nutrients and kernel quality traits were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The processing sensory flavor and kernel quality traits were evaluated based on grey relation analysis.【Results】The nutrient contents in different types of soil varied greatly and the coefficient of variation of pH value,organic matter and mineral elements content was in th

关 键 词：香榧 土壤类型 品质性状 加工感官风味 灰色关联度分析 

分 类 号：S664.5[农业科学—果树学]