基于新能源技术的夏玉米穴施肥作业电控设计与试验  

Electrical control design and experiment of summer corn point fertilization based on new energy technology

作　　者：古冬冬 关阳 张征 杨杰 赵俊强 范素香 Gu Dongdong;Guan Yang;Zhang Zheng;Yang Jie;Zhao Junqiang;FanSuxiang(School of Mechanical Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou,450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学机械学院,郑州市450046

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2022年第5期121-126,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979108);2019河南省科技研发专项(192102110091);2019年度河南省高等学校重点科研项目(19A460026)。

摘　　要：为实现对夏玉米的精准扎穴追肥的均匀性、稳定性,提高化肥的利用率,设计一种基于新能源技术的精准定穴施肥试验机械电控系统。根据田间作业工况的复杂性,依据农机农艺融合,提出设计目标性能和整体结构方案;分析电控系统的整车行走驱动控制电路、施肥架升降电路、施肥单体平移电路、扎穴电路设计和玉米植株探测识别电路各自应具备的功能,并进行软件与硬件设计。最后进行试验以验证追肥距离和扎穴深度稳定性。试验结果表明:当玉米的等行距间隔为600 mm,探针伸出长度为10 cm,行驶速度为4 km/h时,追肥距离和扎穴深度合格率最高,满足中耕追肥施肥距离为100~150 mm、扎穴深度为80~100 mm的技术要求。In order to realize uniformity and stability of precise hole-setting fertilization for summer maize and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer,a mechanical electronic control system of precise hole-setting fertilization test based on new energy technology was designed.Based on the complexity of field working conditions and the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,the design target performance and overall structure scheme were proposed.The functions of vehicle driving control circuit,fertilizer frame lifting circuit,fertilizer unit translation circuit,hole setting circuit design and,corn plant detection and recognition circuit of the electronic control system were analyzed,and the software and hardware were designed.Finally,the stability of topdressing distance and hole setting depth was verified and the experiment was conducted.The test results showed that when the equal row spacing interval of maize was 600 mm,the probe extension length was 10 cm,driving speed was 4 km/h,and the qualified rates of topdressing distance and hole setting depth were the highest,which met the technical requirements of topdressing distance of 100-150 mm and hole setting depth of 80-100 mm in medium tillage.

关 键 词：新能源 定穴施肥 电控系统 追肥距离 扎穴深度 中耕追肥 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]