涌泉根灌下陕北山地苹果作物系数确定与蒸散量估算  

Crop coefficient and evapotranspiration estimation of apple in northern Shaanxi under surge-root irrigation

作　　者：李哲[1] 费良军[1] 尹永乐 李中杰 刘腾 郝琨 彭有亮 LI Zhe;FEI Liangjun;YIN Yongle;LI Zhongjie;LIU Teng;HAO Kun;PENG Youliang(College of Water Resources and Hydropower,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;Rural Revitalization Planning and Development Guidance Center of Yulin,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048 [2]榆林市乡村振兴规划发展指导中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2022年第2期209-215,共7页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079105、51779205);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204)。

摘　　要：为探明涌泉根灌下陕北山地苹果的蒸散量与作物系数规律,通过设定高水H_(1)((85%~100%)θ_(f),θ_(f)为田间持水量)、中水H_(2)((70%~85%)θ_(f))和低水H_(3)((55%~70%)θ_(f))3个灌水水平,研究亏缺灌溉对陕北山地苹果蒸散量和作物系数的影响,并建立蒸散量关于叶面积指数的估算模型。结果表明:陕北山地苹果全物候期耗水范围为483.03~540.10 mm,作物系数在萌芽展叶期、开花坐果期、果实膨大期与果实成熟期的范围分别为0.35~0.38、0.28~0.31、0.70~0.83和0.48~0.57,不同灌水处理的蒸散量及作物系数在果实膨大期差异显著,任一时期亏缺灌水均会减小该时期陕北山地苹果的作物系数和蒸散强度。各处理的叶面积指数均随灌水量的增大而增大。作物系数与叶面积指数之间可以用指数回归较好地描述,由此建立了果树蒸腾蒸发量的估算模型。该研究结果可为制定陕北山地苹果涌泉根灌灌溉制度提供理论支撑。In order to explore the variation patterns of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of mountain apples under surge-root irrigation in northern Shaanxi,an experiment with three irrigation regimes including high water(H_(1),(85%-100%) θ_(f),θ_(f) is the field water holding capacity),medium water(H_(2),(70%-85%) θ_(f)) and low water(H_(3),(55%-70%) θ_(f)) was conducted to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on water consumption and crop coefficient,and the model of evapotranspiration estimation based on leaf area index was established.The results showed that the water consumption in the whole phenological stage of mountain apples in northern Shaanxi ranged from 483.03 to 540.10 mm,and the crop coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.38 at the germination stage,0.28 to 0.31 at the flowering and fruit setting stage,0.70 to 0.83 at the fruit expansion stage and 0.48 to 0.57 at the fruit maturity stage.The crop coefficient and evapotranspiration under different irrigation regimes varied significantly at the fruit expansion stage,which decreased when deficit irrigation was applied at any stage of the above.The leaf area index of each treatment increased with the increase of irrigation amount.The relationship between crop coefficient and leaf area index can be described by exponential regression,based on which a model for estimating the evapotranspiration of fruit trees was established.The results can provide a technical support for the establishment of surge-root irrigation system for mountain apples in northern Shaanxi.

关 键 词：山地苹果 涌泉根灌 蒸散量 作物系数 叶面积指数 陕北地区 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]