旱地麦田夏闲期复种绿肥对后茬冬小麦产量、植株养分和土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Planting Green Manure in Summer Fallow Period on Yield,Plant Nutrients and Soil Nutrients of Subsequent Winter Wheat in Dryland Wheat Field

作　　者：薛乃雯 高志强[2] 杨珍平[2] XUE Naiwen;GAO Zhiqiang;YANG Zhenping(College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,China;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学生命科学学院,山西大同037009 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第5期630-637,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124068);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2021-145);大同市应用基础研究计划项目(2020146);山西大同大学博士科研启动资金资助项目(2018-B-30)。

摘　　要：为揭示夏闲期种植和翻压绿肥对后茬冬小麦的影响,采用田间试验,设置8个绿肥用量和翻压处理,其中,油菜播量7.5(G1)、15.0(G3)、22.5 kg/hm^(2)(G5)和大豆播量105 kg/hm^(2)(G7)为绿肥全量还田处理,油菜播量7.5(G2)、15.0(G4)、22.5 kg/hm^(2)(G6)和大豆播量105 kg/hm^(2)(G8)为绿肥仅地下部还田处理,同时以裸地、不种植任何绿肥作物为对照(CK),测定并分析了不同处理下冬小麦的产量、植株养分和成熟期的土壤养分情况。结果表明,夏闲期种植并翻压绿肥有降低后茬冬小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量的趋势,产量比CK平均显著降低了45.13%。小麦收获时,绿肥翻压处理的叶片、茎秆和籽粒的氮素、磷素和钾素含量比CK都有升高的趋势。小麦成熟期,G7处理显著提高了0~20 cm土壤的速效氮含量和全氮含量;G5处理在20~40 cm全氮含量显著最高;G1处理在20~40 cm土层的速效磷含量显著最高;所有绿肥处理在20~40 cm的速效钾含量和40~60 cm的全磷含量显著高于CK,G7处理在0~20 cm的有机质含量以及G5处理在20~40、40~60 cm的有机质含量较高。夏闲期种植翻压绿肥显著降低了后茬冬小麦的产量,有提高小麦植株养分含量以及0~60 cm土壤养分含量的趋势,在丰水年推荐播量22.5 kg/hm^(2)的油菜全量还田的种植模式来保持土壤的可持续生产力。In order to reveal the effects of planting and turning green manure on subsequent winter wheat in summer fallow period, in this study, field trials were used, and eight green manure dosages and turning treatments(G1, G2, G3, G4, G5,G6, G7, G8)were carried out. G1(7.5 kg/hm^(2)of rape sowing rate), G3(15.0 kg/hm^(2)of rape sowing rate), G5(22.5 kg/hm^(2)of rape sowing rate)and G7(105 kg/hm^(2)of soybean sowing rate)were treated with full amount of green manure returned to field. G2(7.5 kg/hm^(2)of rape sowing rate), G4(15.0 kg/hm^(2)of rape sowing rate), G6(22.5 kg/hm^(2)of rape sowing rate)and G8(105 kg/hm^(2)of soybean sowing rate) were treated with underground green manure returned to field. The filed without planting any green manure was taken as the control. The yield, plant nutrients, and soil nutrients at the mature stage of winter wheat under different treatments were determined. The results showed that planting and turning the green manure during the summer fallow had a tendency to reduce the number of ears, grains per ear, and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat in the subsequent cropping period, and the yield was significantly lower than that of CK by 45.13% on average. When wheat was harvested, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves, stems and grains of the green manure turning treatments had a tendency to increase compared with CK. At the mature stage of wheat, G7 significantly increased the available nitrogen content and total nitrogen content of 0-20 cm soil layer. The total nitrogen content of G5 at 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly highest. G1 had the significantly highest available phosphorus content in 20-40 cm soil layer. The available potassium content at 20-40 cm soil layers and the total phosphorus content at 40-60 cm soil layers of all the green manure treatments were significantly higher than those of the control. The organic matter content of G7 at 0-20 cm soil layer and the organic matter content of G5 at 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers were higher. Planting

关 键 词：绿肥 冬小麦 产量 小麦养分 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]