长期围封对羊草和大针茅典型草原植物群落特征的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fencing on Plant Community Characteristics of Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis Typical Steppes

作　　者：桂建华 马腾飞 胡姝娅 陈晓鹏 王常慧[1,2] 董宽虎[1] GUI Jianhua;MA Tengfei;HU Shuya;CHEN Xiaopeng;WANG Changhui;DONG Kuanhu(College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100080

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第5期720-727,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23080402)。

摘　　要：围封是退化草原修复的重要措施之一,通过围封将有助于恢复退化草地的物种多样性和提高草原植被生产力。以内蒙古锡林河流域长期围封和自由放牧的羊草草原及大针茅典型草原为试验对象,通过样方调查研究长期围封对地上地下生产力和物种多样性的影响。结果表明,长期围封显著增加了羊草和大针茅典型草原植物群落的总盖度、平均高度、平均密度和地上生物量;长期围封对羊草和大针茅典型草原物种多样性存在不同的影响,其显著提高了羊草和大针茅典型草原的丰富度指数,但显著降低了大针茅草原的均匀度指数;回归分析结果表明,在放牧处理下,大针茅草原植物群落的均匀度指数与地上生物量存在显著正相关关系,但是羊草草原植物群落的均匀度指数与地上生物量间相关性不显著。长期围封对羊草草原和大针茅草原的大部分植物群落基本特征具有相似的恢复效果,仅对群落的多样性指数存在差异性恢复效果。因此,围封管理过程中应该建立长期监测体系,适度放牧与割草相结合是维持典型草原生产力和多样性的重要草地管理方式。Fencing is one of the important measures for restoration of degraded grassland, which helps to restore species diversity in degraded grassland and improve grassland vegetation productivity. In this study, taking L. chinensis and S. grandis steppes of long-term fencing and free grazing in Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia as objects studied, the effects of long-term fencing on aboveground and underground productivity and species diversity were studied through a quadrat survey. The results showed that long-term fencing significantly increased the total coverage, average height, average density and aboveground biomass of typical steppe communities of L. chinensis and S. grandis;long-term fencing had different effects on species diversity in typical steppes of L. chinensis and S. grandis. Long-term fencing significantly increased the richness index of typical steppes of L. chinensis and S. grandis, but significantly decreased the evenness index of S. grandis steppe. The results of regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the evenness index of S. grandis community and aboveground biomass under grazing treatment, but the correlation was not significant in L. chinensis steppe. The results of this study showed that long-term fencing had similar restoration effects on the basic characteristics of most plant communities in L. chinensis and S.grandis steppes, only had different restoration effects on the community diversity index. Therefore, a long-term monitoring system should be established in the process of fencing management, and the combination of moderate grazing and mowing was an important grassland management mode to maintain productivity and diversity of typical steppes.

关 键 词：长期围封 放牧 功能群 物种多样性 地上生物量 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]