县域城镇空间形态与居住建筑能耗关联性的连续尺度研究——以浙江长兴、福建连江为例  

Correlation between urban spatial form and residential building energy use of towns on a continuous scale: A case of Changxing, Zhejiang and Lianjiang County, Fujian

作　　者：范小利 罗涛[1] 张雪葳 吴良龙 FAN Xiaoli;LUO Tao;ZHANG Xuewei;WU Lianglong(College of Architecture and Urban Planning of Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院,福州350108

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第8期3155-3166,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0704705);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT190034);福州大学引进人才科研启动项目(511005-GXRC-21024)。

摘　　要：居住建筑能耗受建筑周边空间形态的直接影响,确定空间形态低碳效应及其最佳尺度将有助于实现县域城镇低碳转型。以浙江省长兴县、福建省连江县为例,共计选取49个具有代表性的居住建筑样本,采用GIS分析与数理统计相结合的方式,在居住建筑1800m半径范围内,以200m为间隔建立缓冲区,开展全年、最冷月份能耗期及最热月份能耗期建筑能耗与周边空间形态关联性的连续尺度研究。结果表明:(1)道路密度、开发密度、容积率均与建筑能耗呈正相关,但各指标对应的能耗时期、尺度范围有较大差异。(2)水面率、土地利用混合度是与建筑能耗相关的共性指标,但在不同地区的正负效应及尺度范围不同;(3)影响浙闽地区县域城镇最热月份能耗期能耗的关键形态因子为1000m-道路密度、800m-水面率、1600m-开放空间率;影响连江最冷月份能耗期能耗的关键形态因子为800m-水面率。(4)就控碳单元设置而言,长兴县可重点关注1000—1200m半径范围,连江县可重点关注800—1000m、1400m半径范围。(5)浙闽地区县域城镇特性指标为开放空间率,与最热月份能耗期建筑能呈负相关;长兴县特性指标为容积率、水岸密度,分别与全年、最冷月份能耗期及最热月份能耗期建筑能耗呈正、负相关。据此提出3个低碳城镇规划建议,为实现我国浙闽地区县域城镇低碳转型、居住建筑节能减排提供理论依据。Since the energy consumption of residential buildings is directly affected by the spatial form surrounding the buildings, determining the low-carbon effect of the spatial shape and its optimal scale contributes to realizing the low-carbon transformation of towns and township.Taking Changxing County of Zhejiang Province and Lianjiang County of Fujian Province for example, 49 representative samples of residential buildings are selected in total and included in this research. Based on both GIS analysis and the method of mathematical statistics, with buffer zones built at the interval of 200 m within a radius of 1800 m around the residential buildings, a continuous-scale research is conducted on the correlation between building energy consumption and the spatial pattern around throughout the year, in the consumption period of the coldest month and in the consumption period of the hottest month.The results showed that:(1)road density, development density, and floor area ratio were all positively correlated with building energy consumption, but the energy consumption period and scale range corresponding to each index were quite different.(2)Water surface ratio and land use mixing degree were common indicators related to building energy consumption, but their positive and negative effects and scale ranges vary in different regions.(3)The key form factors that affect the energy consumption of towns in Zhejiang and Fujian during the monthly energy consumption period with the highest temperature were 1000 m-road density, 800 m-water surface ratio, and 1600 m-open space rate;The key form factor that affects the energy consumption during the energy consumption period of the lowest temperature month in Lianjiang is 800 m-water surface ratio.(4)In the selection of carbon control unit, it is necessary for Changxing County to focus on the radius range of 1000 —1200 m, and Lianjiang County to focus on the radius range of 800 —1000 m and 1400 m.(5) Characteristic indexes of towns in counties in Zhejiang and Fujian were the rat

关 键 词：城乡规划 居住建筑能耗 空间形态 低碳效应 尺度识别 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]