我国北方3种典型土壤-作物体系中微生物量磷库特征  

Soil microbial biomass phosphorus pool in farmlands of the Northern China

作　　者：李炎龙 季荣博 吴云 秦泽峰 彭懿 盖京苹[1] 冯固[1] LI Yanlong;JI Rongbo;WU Yun;QIN Zefeng;PENG Yi;GAI Jingping;FENG Gu(College of Resource and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第8期3325-3332,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200203)。

摘　　要：土壤微生物量磷(Microbial Biomass Phosphorus, MBP)是土壤磷组分中最为活跃的形态,在土壤磷素的形态转化与生物地球化学循环过程中起着关键作用,是植物可利用磷的重要来源。研究土壤MBP库容的大小对于充分认识微生物的固磷潜力和掌握土壤磷素循环与转化能力意义重大。以我国北方农田3种典型的土壤-作物体系为研究对象,基于定点采样,通过分析测定采集的362个表层(0—30 cm)土壤样品来量化不同土壤-作物体系MBP库容的大小。结果表明:黑土-春玉米、潮土-冬小麦/夏玉米、灰漠土-棉花体系表层土壤MBP平均含量分别为17.36、14.45、8.75 mg/kg,且不同土壤-作物体系间MBP含量存在显著差异;3种土壤-作物体系表层土壤(0—30 cm)MBP库容的大小分别为83.60、54.26、39.80 kg P/hm^(2),其储存的磷在数量上相当于当季作物需磷量的1.10—2.73倍,表明土壤MBP库是农田生态系统中一个不容忽视的巨大有效养分磷储库。其库容的大小受土壤性质和气候因素的共同影响,土壤pH、有机碳、年均气温和年均降雨量是我国北方农田土壤MBP库容大小的主要影响因素,它们能够解释3种典型土壤-作物体系MBP的57%变异。研究结果有助于深入理解土壤MBP库潜在供磷能力,可为磷肥的减施增效提供理论参考。Microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP) is one of the most active forms of phosphorus in soil. Soil MBP plays a pivotal role in the transformation and biogeochemical cycling of soil phosphorus, which is considered to be an important source of available phosphorus for plants. Exploring size of the soil MBP pool is of important significance to fully understand the potential of phosphorus fixation in microorganisms, and grasp the capacity of soil phosphorus transformation and circulation. Three typical soil-crop systems in farmlands of the Northern China were selected to investigate size of soil MBP pool in agroecological system. A total of 362 surface soil samples(0—30 cm) were collected from the research area based on fixed-point sampling. The results showed that there were significant differences in MBP content among three typical soil-crop systems. The average contents of soil MBP in the topsoil(0—30 cm) layer under black soil-spring maize, fluvo-aquic soil-winter wheat/summer maize and grey desert soil-cotton systems were 17.36, 14.45 and 8.75 mg/kg, respectively. Sizes of soil MBP pool of black soil-spring maize system, fluvo-aquic soil-winter wheat/summer maize system and grey desert soil-cotton system were 83.60, 54.26 and 39.80 kg P/hm^(2), respectively, in the topsoil(0—30 cm) layer. In the three typical soil-crop systems, the amount of phosphorus stored in the soil MBP pool was 1.10—2.73 times of the amount of phosphorus required by one season crop, which indicates soil MBP pool is a huge source of available phosphorus for plants in agroecological system. Further analysis showed the size of MBP pool was influenced by the physical-chemical properties of soil and climate factors. A linear mixed-effects model showed that soil pH, organic carbon, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation are the main factors affecting the size of soil MBP pool, which can explain 57% of the variation of soil MBP in three typical soil-crop systems. This is the first study that size of soil MBP pool in different so

关 键 词：土壤微生物量磷库容 供磷能力 土壤磷素循环与转化能力 生物资源 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]