青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉林火烧迹地不同坡向植物群落结构与多样性研究  

Vegetation community structure and diversity in a burned area of Picea asperata-Abies fabri forest on different aspects on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：周晓雷[1] 闫月娥[2] 张婧 周旭姣 闫永琴 杨富强 曹雪萍 赵安 赵艳丽 苏静怡 ZHOU Xiao-lei;YAN Yue-e;ZHANG Jing;ZHOU Xu-jiao;YAN Yong-qin;YANG Fu-qiang;CAO Xue-ping;ZHAO An;ZHAO Yan-li;SU Jing-yi(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Information Center,Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;College of Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Garden Administration Bureau of Baiyin City,Baiyin 730900,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省林业调查规划院信息中心,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃农业大学理学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [5]白银市园林管理局,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《草业学报》2022年第5期144-155,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省GEF/OP12项目“青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉火烧迹地森林演替动态及演替机理研究”(03619078)资助。

摘　　要：采用野外调查与植物群落相似性分析,研究了青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉林火烧迹地不同坡向植物群落组成和物种多样性特点,结果表明:经过火后15年恢复,云杉-冷杉火烧迹地有草本植物22科40属46种,其中优势科有菊科,种类数最多(11种),其次为毛茛科6种,伞形科4种,蓼科3种,茜草科、龙胆科、蔷薇科和忍冬科各2种;在草地北坡、西北坡、东北坡和东坡分别分布着高山冷蕨+密生薹草+总状橐吾群落、密生薹草+高山冷蕨+野草莓群落、密生薹草+野草莓+箭竹群落和密生薹草+野草莓+总状橐吾群落;北坡的Margarlef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,东坡的Simpson优势度指数最高,而4个坡向草地的Pielou均匀度指数差异不显著;不同坡向植物群落存在一定的梯度格局,但是彼此分布之间存在一定的差异。通过研究分析可以得出:随着坡向由阴坡(北坡)到半阳坡(东坡)的变化,植被盖度逐渐减小;北坡的Margarlef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均最大,其次是西北坡和东北坡,而东坡的最小;不同坡向植被类型分异现象较弱,植物群落存在相似性。In this study,we conducted field surveys to determine the composition and diversity of the plant community in a burned area of Picea asperata-Abies fabri forest on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Non-metric multidimensional scaling methods were used to analyze the data. Twenty-two families,40 genera,and 46 species were identified in the burned areas. The dominant families were Compositae(11),Ranunculaceae(6),Apiaceae(4),Polygonaceae(3),Rubiaceae(2),Gentianaceae(2),Rosaceae(2),and Caprifoliaceae(2). Different communities were distributed on slopes with different aspects:a Cystopteris montana+Carex crebra+Ligularia botryodes community on the north-facing(N) slope, a C. crebra+C. montana+Fragaria vesca community on the northwest-facing slope,a C. crebra+ F. vesca+Fargesia spathacea community on the northeast-facing slope,and a C. crebra+F. vesca+L. botryodes community on the east-facing(E)slope.The community on the N slope had the highest Margalef’s richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity values,while the community on E slopes had the highest Simpson’s dominance index. There were no significant differences in Pielou’s evenness index of vegetation among the four different slopes. A gradient distribution pattern of vegetation existed on the different slopes,and there was some overlap among community distributions. The extent of vegetation cover decreased from the cloudy slope(N)to the semi-sunny slope(E). The slopes were ranked,from highest values of Margalef’s richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index to lowest,as follows:N>NW>NE>E.

关 键 词：火烧迹地 云杉-冷杉林 高山草甸 群落结构 多样性 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]