微流控技术制备叠氮化铅起爆药及其改性  

Preparation and Modification Technology of Lead Azide Primary Explosive Based on Microfluidics

作　　者：韩瑞山 张方[2] 卢飞朋 王燕兰[2] 张蕾[2] 陈建华[2] 张蕊[2] 王海福[1] 褚恩义[2] HAN Rui-shan;ZHANG Fang;LU Fei-peng;WANG Yan-lan;ZHANG Lei;CHEN Jian-hua;ZHANG Rui;WANG Hai-fu;CHU En-yi(School of Mechatronical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Science and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory,Shaanxi Applied Physics-Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机电学院,北京100081 [2]陕西应用物理化学研究所,应用物理化学重点实验室,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《含能材料》2022年第5期451-458,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：针对常规叠氮化铅(Pb(N_(3))_(2),LA,Lead Azide)制备工艺存在自爆风险等问题,采用旋T型微流控芯片提供的微通道作为微反应器,借助其分子间扩散距离短、比表面积大、连续流动等特点,在微通道反应器内制备了微纳米尺度的LA起爆药,并使用聚焦型液滴微流控芯片对制备的LA起爆药进行了球形化改性处理。研究了反应物流速、有机溶剂、晶型控制剂等因素对产物的影响,并采用SEM、XRD、DSC等手段对产物进行了表征,对比了微流LA、微球LA与常规粉末LA的感度及爆炸性能。结果表明,通过控制微流控反应参数,可有效控制LA起爆药产物粒径,且制备的LA起爆药均为α型晶体;LA起爆药经球形化改性后,显著提高了其撞击感度H_(50)(25.5 cm到12.1 cm)、降低了静电火花感度E_(50)(1.98 kV到2.97 kV)和火焰感度L_(50)(26.3 cm到16.1 cm),同时提高了爆压(升高63.6%)。基于微流控技术的LA起爆药制备和改性是一种安全高效方法,为敏感起爆药的可控制备和调控提供了新思路。The conventional lead azide(Pb(N_(3))_(2),LA)preparation process has problems such as the risk of self-explosion.Aiming at the above problems,the spin-T microfluidic chip with the characteristics of short diffusion distance,large specific surface area,and continuous reaction was used as a microreactor.And then,the LA primary explosive synthesized by microfluidics was spherically modified by using the flow-focusing droplet chip.The effects of the flow rate,crystal form control agent,and other factors on the product were investigated by SEM,XRD,and DSC.The sensitivity and explosion performance of microfluidic LA,microsphere LA,and powder LA were compared.The results show that by controlling the microfluidic reaction parameters,the particle size of the LA can be effectively controlled,and they were allα-type.After the spheroidization,the impact sensitivity H_(50)(25.5 cm to 12.1 cm)was significantly improved,but the electrostatic spark E_(50)(1.98 kV to 2.97 kV)and flame sensitivity L_(50)(26.3 cm to 16.1 cm)were reduced.At the same time,the detonation pressure was increased(by 63.6%).It shows that the microfluidic technology was an effective method that can safely prepare and modify the LA primary explosive,which provided an idea for the controllable preparation and regulation of sensitive primers.

关 键 词：微流控技术 起爆药 叠氮化铅(LA) 球形化 感度 

分 类 号：TQ563[化学工程—炸药化工]