西安市室内环境检测结果分析  

Analysis on test results of indoor environment in Xi’an City

作　　者：常玲[1] 张锋[1] 刘萍[1] CHANG Ling;ZHANG Feng;LIU Ping(Department of Health Monitoring,Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an Shaanxi,710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第6期801-805,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：中央财政专项(SNHJ01)。

摘　　要：目的 了解西安市不同季节城乡居民室内环境污染现状,分析其影响因素,为改善室内空气质量提供参考依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样,于 2019 年 1 和 6 月分别从西安市选取 1 个周边农村和 2 个城区共 82 户家庭,通过冬夏两季室内环境采样收集温度、湿度、照度、噪声、CO、CO_(2)、细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(25))、可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter,PM_(10))、甲醛、二甲苯、NO_(2)、细菌总数和真菌总数,并对数据进行分析。结果 西安市室内环境检测超标情况为温度(5.40%)、湿度(26.80%)、CO_(2)(21.30%)、PM_(10)(4.30%)和菌落总数(1.80%)。城区的温度、噪声、CO、NO_(2)、甲醛、二甲苯和菌落总数均高于农村(Z=-4.770、-4.507、-8.096、-9.484、-2.305、-2.281、-2.267,均 P<0.05),照度和真菌总数低于农村(Z=-1.135、- 8.621,均 P<0.05);夏 季 室 内 的 温 度 、湿 度 、噪声 、CO 和 甲醛 高于 冬 季(Z =-7.866、-7.450、-2.201、-6.133、-4.790,均 P<0.05),而冬季 CO_(2)、PM;、PM;、NO_(2)和真菌总数高于夏季(Z=-5.610、-6.206、-6.056、-1.651、-3.595,均 P<0.05)。面积小、近 5 年曾装修、在家烹饪次数多及木质地板的家庭室内环境更差(OR=0.987、2.769、2.193、4.755,均 P<0.05)。结论 西安市室内环境中的主要污染物为 CO_(2)、PM_(10)和菌落总数,城区污染高于农村。冬季应更多关注微生物污染,夏季多关注化学性污染。尤其关注房屋面积、装修、在家烹饪次数及木质地板等对室内环境的影响。Objective To understand the residential indoor environment pollution of urban and rural areas in different season in Xi’an City,analyze its influencing factors,and provide reference for improving indoor air quality. Methods Through random cluster sampling,82 families were selected from a rural area and two urban areas in Xi’an City in January and June 2019respectively. The temperature ,humidity,illuminance,noise,CO,CO_(2),fine particulate matter (PM_(25)) ,inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10)),formaldehyde,xylene,NO_(2),total count of bacteria and total count of fungus were measured during the winter and summer ,and the data were analyzed. Results In the indoor environment monitoring of Xi’an City,the standard-exceeding rate of temperature,humidity,CO_(2),PM_(10),and total count of bacteria was 5.40% ,26.80% ,21.30% ,4.30% and 1.80% ,respectively. The levels of temperature,noise,CO,NO_(2),formaldehyde,xylene and total number of colonies in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas(Z=-4.770,-4.507,-8.096,-9.484,-2.305,-2.281,-2.267,all P<0.05),while the levels of illuminance and total count of fungus were lower than those in rural areas (Z=-1.135,-8.621,both P<0.05). The levels of temperature,humidity,noise,CO and formaldehyde were higher in summer than in winter(Z=-7.866,-7.450,-2.201,-6.133,-4.790,all P<0.05),while the levels of CO_(2),PM_(25),PM_(10),NO_(2)and the total amount of fungi were higher in winter than in summer (Z=-5.610,-6.206,-6.056,-1.651,-3.595,all P<0.05). The families which were small area,decorated in recent five years,cooked at home frequently and had wooden floor had worse indoor environment (OR=0.987,2.769,2.193,4.755,all P<0.05). Conclusions The main indoor environment pollutants in Xi’an City are CO_(2),PM_(10)and total count of bacteria,and the indoor pollution in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas. More attention should be paid to microbial pollution in winter and chemical pollution in summer. Especially ,it is necessary to focus on the influence of house are

关 键 词：室内环境 城乡 季节 

分 类 号：R126.8[医药卫生—环境卫生学]