城市污水厌氧氨氧化工艺的菌群分析与效能评估  

Microbial community structure analysis and efficiency evaluation of sewage anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox) process

作　　者：李佳 刘杰 林甲 宋新新 李传举 江瀚 LI Jia;LIU Jie;LIN Jia;SONG Xinxin;LI Chuanju;JIANG Han(Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Company Limited,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]北京首创生态环保集团股份有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第4期7-17,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07102-003)。

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)是一种高效低耗的新型生物脱氮技术,在城市污水处理中具有广阔的应用前景.在城市污水脱氮系统中,厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)是否存在、丰度如何及Anammox脱氮效能如何,是进行Anammox评估的重要指标.本研究重点介绍了在生物脱氮系统中进行AnAOB菌种测定和菌群结构分析的分子生物学技术及Anammox脱氮贡献率的计算方法 .结果发现,对于AnAOB的菌种测定和菌群结构分析,可采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链锁反应(qPCR)、16S rRNA高通量测序和宏基因组测序等分子生物学技术;Anammox脱氮贡献率可通过物料衡算法和;N同位素示踪法计算.同时,对这些评估方法存在的一些局限性也进行了阐述.总体而言,如何科学、有效、全面地评估Anammox在生物脱氮系统中发挥的作用仍是一个需要长期探究的课题.但随着相关研究的不断深入,检测手段和分析方法也会得到不断优化,这将为Anammox工艺的理论研究及工程应用提供重要支持.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox) process is a novel nitrogen removal technology with high efficiency and low energy consumption,which has a broad application prospect in municipal wastewater treatment.In sewage nitrogen removal system,the existence of anammox bacteria(AnAOB),its abundance,and the nitrogen removal performance are critical evaluation indicators of an anammox reactor.In this paper,the molecular biology techniques for the determination of AnAOB and the analysis of microbial community structure,as well as the calculation method of the contribution of anammox process to nitrogen removal were introduced.For the detection of AnAOB and the analysis of microbial community structure,quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR),16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing,and metagenomic sequencing can be used.Meanwhile,to calculate the contribution of the anammox process to nitrogen removal efficiency,the mass balance method and;N stable isotope tracing test can be adopted.Besides,the limitations of these assessment methods were also discussed in this paper.Overall,it’s still a challenge to evaluate the role of Anammox in the biological nitrogen removal process scientifically,effectively,and comprehensively,requiring long-term research.However,with the development of the related studies,detection approaches and analysis methods will be continuously optimized,which will provide important support for the theoretical research and engineering application of Anammox process.

关 键 词：生物脱氮 厌氧氨氧化 分子生物学技术 物料衡算法 N同位素示踪法 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172