有毒有害大气污染物排放源快速筛查方法的建立与应用  

Rapid screening of hazardous air pollutants sources:Method development and application

作　　者：王美娟 张颖仪 阮兆康 赵时真 李军[2] 张干[2] 赖森潮 WANG Meijuan;ZHANG Yingyi;RUAN Zhaokang;ZHAO Shizhen;LI Jun;ZHANG Gan;LAI Senchao(The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters,Ministry of Education,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006;State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学工业聚集区污染控制与生态修复教育部重点实验室,广州510006 [2]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第4期363-372,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2017YFC0212004)。

摘　　要：立足风险的环境管理是我国未来环境管理工作的核心任务.有毒有害大气污染物(HAPs)对人体健康有较大的危害,需要加强健康风险评估,并从源头上加以管控.针对我国当前缺乏HAPs排放源的快速筛查方法,利用监测数据和空气扩散模型,建立基于人体致癌/非致癌风险水平(R/H)、与风险源距离(D)和危害区域敏感程度(E)的三因素(R/H-D-E)风险分级矩阵,实现HAPs排放源的快速筛查,并将本方法应用于大型面源(化工园区)和分散源(加油站)的快速筛查.结果显示,化工园区符合“R2-D2-E3”和“H1-D2-E3”矩阵分布,被评价为高风险源;加油站符合“R2-D1-E2”和“H1-D1-E2”矩阵分布,被评价为低风险源.经检验分析,该方法的风险等级划分合理可行.相比国外同类方法,本方法可操作性强、适用性广,可为我国HAPs风险源的快速筛查和评估提供关键技术,服务于国家和地方大气风险源的管理.Health risk-based environmental management is one of the key tasks of environmental management in China.Hazardous air pollutants(HAPs)have significant health impacts on environment and human health.Due to the lack of rapid screening method for HAPs sources in China,this study aims at developing a method for HAPs source screening based on human health concerns.On-site measurement and air model were used to estimate the emissions and the health risks of HAPs sources.The distance(D)between sources and receptors and the sensitiveness of receptor(E)are considered in this method.Therefore,a three factors(R/H-D-E)matrix for risk assessment was established in order to achieve the rapid screening of HAPs sources.We further applied this method in two specific cases,i.e.,a large-scale source of chemical industrial park and a small-scale source of gas station.It shows that the results of "R2-D2-E3" and "H1-D2-E3" are resolved for chemical industrial park,indicating that it can be regarded as a source of high hazardous risk.For gas station,the results of "R2-D1-E2" and "H1-D1-E2" are resolved,pointing to a source of low hazardous risk.It suggests that this method is appropriable and applicable for the rapid screening of HAPs sources.We believe that this method may provide a support for the rapid screening of HAPs in China,which will be an asset for local and national environmental management.

关 键 词：有毒有害大气污染物 排放源 健康风险 快速筛查 风险源管理 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4