贵州山地杂交籼稻区水分时空变化规律研究  

Study on the temporal and spatial variation of water deficit in Guizhou mountainous hybrid indica rice region

作　　者：江学海 李刚华[1] 陆波 罗德强 刘正辉[1] 李敏 蒋明金 陈永莲 丁艳锋[1] JIANG Xuehai;LI Ganghua;LU Bo;LUO Deqiang;LIU Zhenghui;LI Min;JIANG Mingjin;CHEN Yonglian;DING Yanfeng(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Guizhou Rice Research Institute,Guiyang 550006,China;Station for Popularizing Agricultural Technique,Majiang 557600,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室/江苏现代作物生产协同创新中心,江苏南京210095 [2]贵州省水稻研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [3]麻江县农业技术推广站,贵州麻江557600

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第3期453-464,共12页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：黔科合成果[2021]一般011;贵州省农业领域重点推广项目(黔科合成转字〔2015〕5021号)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究贵州山地不同杂交籼稻生态区水分亏缺的时空分布特征,为水稻生产区域水分管理策略提供理论支持。[方法]采用气象资料分析和田间试验结合的方法,在贵州5个杂交籼稻生态稻区,收集了1986—2015年30 a的气温、降水等气象资料,并在每一生态区的代表试点进行杂交籼稻生育期试验,按有效分蘖、无效分蘖、孕穗开花和灌浆成熟4个阶段分析需水量、有效降水量和水分时空变化规律。[结果]30 a贵州5个杂交籼稻生态稻区的安全播种期呈现提前的趋势,黔南、黔东、黔北、黔西南和黔中稻区安全播种期的倾向率分别为-6.5、-5.4、-4.9、-4.7和-4.1 d·10 a^(-1);5个生态区杂交籼稻的有效分蘖、无效分蘖、孕穗开花和灌浆成熟阶段时长相差6.0~17.2 d,黔西南稻区无效分蘖阶段较长、黔南稻区灌浆成熟阶段较短。本田期参考作物蒸散量(ET_(0))由东向西增高,黔西南稻区(612.5 mm)高于其他稻区,30 a杂交籼稻生长前两阶段ET_(0)呈下降趋势,后两阶段ET_(0)呈升高的趋势;本田期有效降水量(P_(e))由东向西增加,黔西南稻区无效分蘖阶段P_(e)高于其他稻区,孕穗开花、灌浆成熟阶段P_(e)随时间呈下降趋势;需水量(ET_(c))分布在空间上的差异大于时间,5个生态稻区水分亏缺(WD)与有效降水量呈负相关,有效分蘖和无效分蘖阶段WD由东向西南升高、孕穗开花和灌浆成熟阶段WD由南向北升高;有效分蘖、孕穗开花阶段WD分别以黔西南和黔中高于其他稻区;各稻区生殖生长阶段的降水协同指数(C_(d))低于营养生长阶段,黔北、黔东和黔中稻区孕穗开花阶段的C_(d)较低。[结论]黔西南稻区有效分蘖阶段水分亏缺较大;黔北、黔东和黔中稻区的孕穗开花阶段水分亏缺较大,降水协同指数降低,因水分亏缺而减产的风险加大。[Objectives]The aim was to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water deficit of hybrid indica rice in different ecological regions of Guizhou mountainous area,and to provide theoretical support for water management strategies in rice production areas.[Methods]Using the method of combining meteorological data analysis and field experiment,the meteorological data such as temperature and precipitation from 1986 to 2015 were collected in five ecological areas of hybrid indica rice in Guizhou,and the growth period test of hybrid indica rice was carried out in representative pilots of each ecological area.The temporal and spatial variation laws of water requirement,effective precipitation and water content were analyzed according to the four periods of productive tillering,nonproductive tillering,booting flowering and grain filling maturity.[Results]The safe sowing date of five indica hybrid eco-rice areas in Guizhou showed a trend of advance in 30 years,and the tendency rates of safe sowing date in southern,eastern,northern,southwest and central rice regions in Guizhou were-6.5,-5.4,-4.9,-4.7 and-4.1 d·10 a^(-1),respectively.The duration differences of productive tillering,nonproductive tillering,booting flowering and grain filling maturity periods of hybrid indica rice in five ecological regions were 6.0-17.2 d,and the duration differences of nonproductive tillering period in southwestern Guizhou and grain filling maturity period in southern Guizhou were longer than others.The reference crop evapotranspiration(ET_(0))in this field increased from east to west,and the ET_(0)(612.5 mm)in southwestern Guizhou was higher than that in other rice areas.The ET_(0) in the first two periods of 30 a hybrid indica rice growth showed a downward trend,and the ET_(0) in the last two periods showed an upward trend.The effective precipitation(P_(e))increased from east to west.The P_(e) of nonproductive tillering period in southwestern Guizhou rice area was higher than that in other rice areas.The P_(e) of

关 键 词：气候变化 杂交籼稻 生育时期 水分亏缺 时空变化 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S311