长江下游典型稻麦轮作农田作物生产的限制养分分析  

Analysis of restricted nutrients for crop production in typical rice-wheat rotation farmland in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：张国发 侯朋福[3] 章建伟 周燕 徐磊 李刚华 丁艳锋 ZHANG Guofa;HOU Pengfu;ZHANG Jianwei;ZHOU Yan;XU Lei;LI Ganghua;DING Yanfeng(College of Agriculture/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;School of Biological Engineering,Daqing Normal University,Daqing 163712,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院/江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,江苏南京210095 [2]大庆师范学院生物工程学院,黑龙江大庆163712 [3]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第3期465-473,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301202);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019377);江苏水稻产业技术体系项目(JATS〔2020〕409);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(18)1002]。

摘　　要：[目的]通过分析氮、磷、钾不同养分限投对稻麦产量和养分吸收的影响,明确土壤养分的持续供应能力,为长江下游稻麦轮作农田精确施肥策略的制定提供参考。[方法]选择当地主推稻麦品种,以常规施肥模式为对照,设置不施氮肥、不施磷肥、不施钾肥和氮磷钾肥均不施4种周年养分限投模式,开展多年定位试验,研究稻麦轮作农田作物生产的限制养分。[结果]氮是水稻、小麦产量和养分吸收的最主要限制养分,不施氮肥和氮磷钾肥均不施处理的作物产量及氮、磷、钾吸收量均较低。水稻产量及氮、磷、钾吸收量均随氮肥限投年限增加而下降,并可分别用多项式方程(y=a-bx+cx^(2),P<0.01)进行描述;而受田间气候条件不确定性的影响,小麦产量及氮、磷、钾吸收量并不随氮肥限投年限增加而规律性下降。水稻养分吸收受钾肥限投的影响,但不受磷肥限投影响。钾肥限投处理的水稻钾吸收量显著低于磷肥限投和常规施肥处理(分别降低32%和28%),同时水稻钾吸收量随钾肥限投年限增加呈增加趋势(y=0.61+0.89lnx,P<0.05)。与水稻表现不同,磷肥限投影响小麦产量,而钾肥限投不影响小麦产量;磷肥、钾肥限投均降低了小麦磷和钾吸收量,磷肥限投使磷和钾吸收量分别减少27%和23%,钾肥限投分别减少17%和38%。小麦产量和养分吸收量随磷、钾肥限投年限增加未表现出规律性变化。[结论]氮肥投入在作物施肥管理中不可或缺;在一定年限内,土壤养分供应可以缓冲磷、钾限投对作物生产的不利影响,但具体限投养分应针对不同作物区别对待。[Objectives]The clarification of continuous supply capacity of soil nutrients by analyzing the effects of different nutrient restriction(nitrogen,N;phosphorus,P;potassium,K)on crop yield and nutrient uptake in a rice-wheat rotation framework is important for the development of precise fertilization strategies in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.[Methods]A multi-year localized trial was conducted to study the restricted nutrients of crop production in rice and wheat rotation by selecting the main local rice and wheat varieties.Four nutrient restriction treatments were employed,including no N-fertilizer input,no P-fertilizer input,no K-fertilizer input and no NPK-fertilizer input,and the conventional fertilization was used as a control.[Results]The results indicated that N was the most important restricted nutrient for yield and nutrient uptake in rice and wheat.Crop yields and nutrients uptakes(N,P and K)were the lowest in both no N-fertilizer and no NPK-fertilizer input treatments.Both rice yield and nutrient uptake decreased with the N-fertilizer restriction trialed years,and was described by polynomial equations(y=a-bx+cx^(2),P<0.01).However,wheat yield and nutrient uptake did not decrease regularly with trialed years due to uncertain field climatic conditions.The rice nutrient uptake was also affected by K restriction,but not by P restriction.Rice K uptake achieved from K-restriction treatment was remarkably lower than those in the P-restriction and conventional fertilization treatments(decreased by 32%and 28%,respectively),which tended to increase with the K restriction trialed years(y=0.61+0.89lnx,P<0.05).Different from rice,P restriction affected wheat yield,while K restriction treatment did not affect wheat yield.However,P or K fertilizer restriction treatment reduced wheat P and K uptakes,with P and K uptake reduced by 27%and 23%for P restriction treatment as well as 17%and 38%for K restriction treatment,respectively.Wheat yield and nutrients uptakes did not show regular dynamics with trialed years

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 养分限投 土壤基础生产力 作物产量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S314[农业科学—农艺学]