自交与异交象牙参属植物的蜜腺结构及其生物学意义  

Nectary Structure of Selfing and Outcrossing Species in Roscoea

作　　者：王雯婧 陈虹帆 邵国峻 廖虹 赵建立[1,2] 李庆军[1,2] WANG Wenjing;CHEN Hongfan;SHAO Guojun;LIAO Hong;ZHAO Jianli;LI Qingjun(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500;Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500)

机构地区：[1]云南大学云南省植物繁殖适应与进化生态学重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]云南大学生态与环境学院生态学与进化生物学实验室,昆明650500

出　　处：《植物研究》2022年第3期364-372,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1602263,41871047)。

摘　　要：蜜腺是有花植物与传粉昆虫构建互惠关系的关键花部结构,解析不同繁殖特性物种间蜜腺结构的差异可为理解有花植物繁殖特性的演化提供理论依据。以传粉系统高度特化、异交实现有性生殖的早花象牙参(Roscoea cautleoides)和缺乏有效传粉者、主动自交实现有性生殖的无柄象牙参(R.schneideriana)为材料,通过野外测量2个物种蜜腺特性、超景深显微镜观察和石蜡切片染色,探究早花象牙参与无柄象牙参在蜜腺分布位置、外部形态及内部结构的异同。结果表明:2个物种均具有结构蜜腺,从外部形态来看,早花象牙参蜜腺体积较大、分泌糖浓度较高的花蜜,而无柄象牙参蜜腺体积较小、无花蜜分泌;从内部结构来看,早花象牙参蜜腺结构特化、各个组成部分有明显的区分,而无柄象牙参蜜腺出现一定程度的退化。该研究结果为揭示早花象牙参与无柄象牙参在花部特征、传粉机制及繁育系统的差异以及无柄象牙参蜜腺无花蜜分泌的可能机理提供了重要的形态学依据,也为深入地探讨植物与传粉动物间的协同进化关系以及理解蜜腺多样性的起源与维持机制奠定了科学基础。Being the key floral structure of the reciprocal relationship between flowering plants and pollinators,the analysis of the differences of nectary structure among species with different reproductive characteristics could provide theoretical basis for understanding the evolution of reproductive characteristics of flowering plants.Two contrary species,Roscoea cautleoides with highly specialized outcrossing pollination system and R.schneideriana with autonomous selfing,were used to explore the biological importance of nectary.Nectary size and volume were recorded in the field and nectary location,external form and internal structure were observed by paraffin section staining method.The results showed that:both species had structural nectary.From the external morphology,R.cautleoides nectary was developed and secreted higher concentration sugar,while R.schneideriana nectary was wilting and had no nectar secretion.From the internal structure comparison,R.cautleoides nectary was specialized and the division of structure was clear,while R.schneideriana nectary structure appeared a degree of degradation.These results provid an important basis for revealing the differences of floral characteristics,pollination mechanism and breeding system,as well as the mechanism of nectar secretion between outcrossing and selfing species in Roscoea.It also lays a scientific foundation for further exploring the coevolutionary relationship between plants and pollinators,and understanding the origin and maintenance mechanism of nectary diversity.

关 键 词：象牙参属 蜜腺 繁育系统 传粉机制 自交 异交 

分 类 号：Q99[生物学]