不同种植年限对花椒根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Years on Rhizosphere Soil Physiochemical Properties and Microbial Community of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

作　　者：廖礼彬 石福孙[1] 张楠楠[1] 陈晓霞 补欢欢 孙福勇 LIAO Libin;SHI Fusun;ZHANG Nannan;CHEN Xiaoxia;BU Huanhuan;SUN Fuyong(Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041;Ecological Protection and Development Research Institute,Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Ngawa,Wenchuan 623000)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]阿坝州生态保护与发展研究院,汶川623000

出　　处：《植物研究》2022年第3期466-474,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0505105);四川省重点研发项目(2021YFN0116)。

摘　　要：为揭示不同种植年限对花椒根际微生态系统的影响,利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)生物标记法结合土壤养分和酶活性分析,研究了种植年限1、15、30 a的花椒根际土壤的理化性质和微生物群落变化。结果显示,随着种植年限的增加,土壤pH和多酚氧化酶活性呈下降趋势,土壤速效钾和速效磷在15、30 a时显著增加。土壤微生物总PLFA、真菌、革兰氏阴性细菌(G-)PLFA含量均随种植年限呈增加趋势,30a时达到最大,分别为401.95、88.14、118.61μg·g^(-1)。革兰氏阳性细菌(G^(+))和放线菌PLFA含量随种植年限呈先增后降趋势。细菌/真菌和G^(+)/G^(-)随种植年限增加呈下降趋势,与1 a相比,30 a时分别下降34.14%、38.87%。土壤pH与总PLFA、G^(-)、细菌、真菌呈显著负相关,与G^(+)/G^(-)呈显著正相关;多酚氧化酶活性与真菌呈显著负相关,与细菌/真菌、G^(+)/G^(-)呈显著正相关。本研究表明:花椒根际理化性质、酶活性和微生物群落结构随种植年限增加发生了显著变化,根际土壤pH、速效磷、速效钾、多酚氧化酶的变化是影响土壤微生物群落与组成的主要环境因子,真菌和G^(-)的增加及多酚氧化酶活性的降低可能是诱导花椒根腐病发生的重要原因。To reveal the effect of different planting years on rhizosphere microecosystem of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,the changes of microbial community structure,physiochemical properties and enzyme activities were studied,and the phospholipid fatty acid(PLFAs)contents of microorganisms,pH,total organic carbon(TOC),available potassium,polyphenol oxidase activity,et al.were investigated in the rhizosphere soils of 1,15 and 30-year-old Z.bungeanum trees.The results showed that the soil pH and the activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased with the increase of planting years,and the soil available K and P increased significantly at 15 and 30 a.The contents of total PLFA,fungi and gram-negative bacteria(G^(-))in soil increased with planting years,and reached the maximum at 30 years,which were 401.95,88.14 and 118.61μg·g^(-1),respectively.The contents of gram-positive bacteria(G^(+))and actinomycetes PLFA increased first and then decreased with planting years.Bacteria/fungi and G^(+)/G^(-)decreased with the increase of planting years.Compared with 1 year plants,bacteria/fungi and G^(+)/G^(-)decreased by 34.14%and 38.87%at 30 years plants respectively.Soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with total PLFA,G^(-),bacteria and fungi,and positively correlated with G^(+)/G^(-)respectively.The activity of polyphenol oxidase was significantly negatively correlated with fungi,and positively correlated with bacteria/fungi and G^(+)/G^(-)respectively.Z.bungeanum rhizosphere soil physiochemical properties,enzyme activities and microbial community structure changed significantly with the increase of plant years.The changes of rhizosphere soil pH,available phosphorus,available potassium,polyphenol oxidase activity were the main environmental factors that affected the microbial community and composition,the increase of fungi and G^(-)and the decrease of polyphenol oxidase activity might be the important reasons that induced root rot of Z.bungeanum.

关 键 词：花椒 根际土壤 不同种植年限 磷脂脂肪酸标记 微生物群落 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：Q933.1[生物学—微生物学]