中国钴—镍成矿规律与高效勘查技术  

Study on Metallogenic Regularity of Co Ni Deposits in China and Its Efficient Exploration Techniques

作　　者：张照伟[1] 李文渊[1] 丰成友 王辉[3] 王亚磊[1] 武军杰[4] 李德贤 吕新彪[6] 朱伯鹏[7] 惠博[8] 刘会文 ZHANG Zhaowei;LI Wenyuan;FENG Chengyou;WANG Hui;WANG Yalei;WU Junjie;LI Dexian;L Xinbiao;ZHU Bopeng;HUI Bo;LIU Huiwen(Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits,MNR,Xi'an Center of CGS,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Exploration Techniques,CAGS,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,CAGS,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China;State Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Nickel and Cobalt Resources,Jinchuan Group Corporation Ltd,Jinchang 737102,Gansu,China;The Institute of Geological Survey of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;No.4 Geological Party,Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development,Altay 836500,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Uranium Geological Bureau of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710054 [2]中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所,河北廊坊065000 [3]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [4]中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000 [5]镍钴资源综合利用国家重点实验室金川集团股份有限公司,甘肃金昌737102 [6]中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院,湖北武汉430074 [7]新疆维吾尔自治区地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质大队,新疆阿勒泰836500 [8]中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所,四川成都610041 [9]青海省核工业局,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《西北地质》2022年第2期14-34,共21页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿床硫化物不混溶作用研究”(41873053);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究“稀贵金属(金、镍、钴、铬铁矿、铂族元素)科学考察与远景评估”(2019QZKK0801);陕西省创新能力支撑计划-创新人才推进计划-岩浆作用成矿与找矿创新团队(2020TD-030);中国地质调查局项目“西北地区铜镍稀有金属等矿产地质调查”(DD20221691)联合资助成果。

摘　　要：钴、镍是全球战略性关键矿产,对国民经济、国家安全和科技发展具有重要战略意义。中国现有钴、镍资源储量均较低,超过90%的钴、镍原材料依赖进口,给国家战略性关键矿产资源供应带来重大安全隐患。因此,立足国内,加强钴—镍成矿规律研究,创新高效勘查技术,寻找新的接续资源已迫在眉睫。中国含钴矿床类型多样,特别是随着钴成矿新类型(辽吉带变沉积岩容矿钴—铜矿及三江带伴生钴矿)的发现,展示了巨大的找矿前景。但目前不同类型矿床中钴—镍发育特征、赋存状态、富集机制与成矿潜力尚不明确,缺少针对性的找矿模型与高效的勘查技术方法,极大地制约了钴—镍资源的找矿突破。笔者拟通过对钴—镍元素超常富集机理与成矿规律及勘查技术的研究,解决大陆聚—散过程中多圈层相互作用与钴—镍超常富集机理的重大科学问题和空—地—井高精度重磁电震物探数据采集、处理与多参数联合正反演解译的关键技术难题,旨在揭示钴—镍矿产资源成矿潜力和找矿新靶区,支撑服务战略性矿产找矿行动,极大增强中国钴—镍矿产资源安全供应保障能力。Cobalt and nickel are global strategic critical minerals, which are of great strategic significance to the national economy, national security, and technological development. Existing cobalt and nickel resource reserves are relatively low in China, and more than 90% of the cobalt and nickel raw materials are imported, which brings major safety risks to the supply of strategic critical mineral resources. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the study of cobalt-nickel mineralization regularity, to develop efficient exploration technology, and to search the new continuous resources. There are various types of cobalt-bearing deposits in China, especially with the discovery of cobalt mineralization(such as cobalt-copper deposits in meta-sedimentary rock in the Liaoning-Jilin belt and associated cobalt deposits in the Sanjiang belt), which shows great prospecting potential. However, the occurrence status, enrichment mechanism, and metallogenic potential of cobalt-nickel in different types of deposits are still unclear. The lack of prospecting models and efficient exploration techniques has greatly restricted the development of cobalt-nickel resources. Based on the comprehensive research of the cobalt-nickel supernormal enrichment mechanism, mineralization regularity, and exploration technology, this paper intends to solve two major problems. One is the scientific problem about the multi-layer interaction in the cobalt-nickel super-concentration mechanism during the continental accumulation-dispersion process, the other is the technical problem about the acquisition, processing, and multi-parameter interpretation for the high-precision gravity, magnetic, electrical, seismic, and geophysical prospecting data in the air-groud-well. This work could reveal the metallogenic potential of cobalt-nickel mineral resources, determine new prospecting targets, support the strategic mineral prospecting operations, and enhance the ability to ensure the safe supply of cobalt-nickel mineral resources in China.

关 键 词：钴—镍 富集机理 成矿规律 勘查技术 找矿潜力 

分 类 号：P588.1[天文地球—岩石学] P597[天文地球—地质学]