一种快速识别基性—超基性岩的新方法——基性度遥感指数法  

A New Method for Fast Identification of Basic-ultrabasic Rocks —Basic Degree Index from Remote Sensing Image

作　　者：韩海辉 张转 任广利 易欢 刘拓 HAN Haihui;ZHANG Zhuan;REN Guangli;YI Huan;LIU Tuo(Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits,MNR,Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey/Northwest China Center for Geoscience Innovation,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室,中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心/西北地质科技创新中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西北地质》2022年第2期71-81,共11页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“喀喇昆仑多宝山矿床非硫化铅锌矿物形成机制研究”(41802096);中国地质调查局项目“黄河源地区生态地质调查(DD20190539)”;“西北地区自然资源动态监测与风险评估(DD20211393)”共同资助。

摘　　要：目前,利用多光谱遥感影像近红外波段提取蚀变矿物信息的技术已很成熟,但对如何利用热红外波段定量识别与岩浆熔离型矿床密切相关的基性—超基性岩仍需探索。笔者通过分析典型矿物在热红外波谱范围内的发射谱特征,提出了一种“基性度遥感指数法”。以北山柳园地区为实验区,基于ASTER热红外数据识别基性—超基性岩体;通过室内对比与野外核查的方式定量评价方法的有效性。结果表明:“基性度遥感指数法”可较好地识别基性—超基性岩体,总体识别精度约70%,且识别的岩体边界比以往地质图中填绘边界更为精细。对红柳沟典型区的应用分析表明,新方法识别的基性—超基性岩体分布特征与实际地质状况吻合,且基性度遥感指数高值区与已知地磁异常和地球化学异常区也有较好重叠。这对矿产勘查中利用多种方法快速锁定基性—超基性岩的分布提供了新依据。研究结果对北山乃至西北其他区域开展基性岩体的遥感定量识别研究都具有理论和实践意义。Although the technique for extracting altered mineral information using near-infrared bands of multispectral remote sensing images is very developed, how to use thermal infrared bands to quantitatively identify the basic-ultrabasic rocks that are closely related to magmatic liquation deposits needs to be explored. By analyzing the emission spectrum characteristics of typical minerals in the range of thermal infrared spectrum, a “basic degree index method” was proposed. The Liuyuan area of Beishan was selected as the experimental area, and basic-ultrabasic rocks were identified based on ASTER thermal infrared data, and the effectiveness of the method was quantitatively evaluated by means of indoor comparison and field verification. The results show that the new method can identify basic-ultrabasic rocks well, the overall identification accuracy can reach about 70%, and the boundaries of the identified rock masses are more detailed than those mapped in the previous geological maps. The application analysis of the Hongliugou typical area shows that the distribution characteristics of the basic-ultrabasic rock masses identified by remote sensing are consistent with the actual geological conditions, and the high-basic degree index area overlaps with the known geomagnetic and geochemical anomalies very well. These findings provide a new basis for the use of multiple methods to locate basic-ultrabasic rocks in mineral exploration. The research results have theoretical and practical significance for similar research in Beishan and even Northwest China.

关 键 词：基性—超基性岩体 热红外波谱 遥感 基性度指数 北山地区 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P627[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]