主导义位演变的类型及主导义位与主导词的关系、成因  

Discussion on the Evolution Types of the Dominant Sememe and Its Relationship and Cause with the Main Words

作　　者：孙淑娟[1] SUN Shu-juan(School of Humanities and Arts,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院人文与艺术学院,江西南昌330099

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第2期103-110,共8页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：江西省社会科学“十四五”基金项目“词汇类型学视域下汉语物理属性形容词的历史演变研究”(21YY17)。

摘　　要：词能否在相关概念场中取得主导词资格,很大程度上取决于相关义位在整个义位系统中的地位。汉语基本词演化不宜只关注主导词的历时替换,还应关注主导义位的演变及其与主导词之间的关系。主导义位有A-B-C-D……直线型和回环型两种演变类型,其中回环型根据演变层次的多少,又可以细分为A-B-A简单回环型和A-B-A-B复杂回环型两类。汉语基本词演变中主导义位与主导词之间关系密切,前者是后者的必要条件而非充分条件。从系统的角度来看,义位在义位系统中所处地位的高低、概念在概念场中所占系统份额的多少以及词形所承载语义负担的轻重是制约词在相关概念场中获得主导词资格的主要因素。To a large extent,whether a word can qualify as a main word in the related concept field depends on the status of the related sememe in the entire sememe system.Therefore,the evolution of basic Chinese words should not only focus on the diachronic replacement of the main word,but also the evolution of the dominant sememe and its relationship with main words.There are two types of evolution of the dominant sememe:A-B-C-D…linear type and loop type.According to the evolution level,the loop type can be subdivided into two types:A-B-A simple loop type and A-B-A-B complex loop type.There is a close relationship between the dominant sememe and the main words in the evolution of basic Chinese words,and the former is the necessary but insufficient condition of the latter.Therefore,from a systemic perspective,the position of the sememe in the whole system,the proportion of the concept in the concept in conceptual field and the degree of semantic burden carried by the morphology,these are the three main factors which restrict the qualification of a word as the main word in the related concept field.

关 键 词：古代汉语 基本词演化 主导义位 主导词 类型 关系 原因 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]