2016年—2020年粤港澳大湾区某市制造业有机溶剂检测分析  

Detection and analysis of organic solvents in manufacturing industry of a city in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：周郁潮[1] 郑海英[1] 刘浩中 潘文娜[1] 李炳烈[1] 刘国平[1] ZHOU Yu-chao;ZHENG Hai-ying;LIU Hao-zhong;PAN Wen-na;LI Bing-lie;LIU Guo-ping(Zhongshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400,China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528400

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2022年第5期628-631,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的了解2016年—2020年粤港澳大湾区某市制造业有机溶剂的危害情况,为该行业有机溶剂危害防控提供科学依据。方法对2016年—2020年粤港澳大湾区某市制造业有机溶剂挥发性化学成分检测结果进行统计分析。结果828份有机溶剂样品共检出1047种化学毒物,检出率前5位分别是甲苯(44.69%)、二甲苯(39.49%)、乙酸乙酯(37.56%)、乙苯(34.42%)、乙酸丁酯(31.64%);每年检出率排行前3位的化学毒物有所不同,但甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烃检出率基本靠前,其次为烷烃类、酯类和醇类常见化学毒物。苯、正己烷等中、高毒性物质检出率存在逐年下降趋势(P<0.01);三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷每年检出率不高,各年度检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论粤港澳大湾区某市制造业使用的有机溶剂种类繁多,成分多样复杂,制造业企业应明确其挥发性成分,了解其化学毒性或危害程度,尽量以无毒或低毒物质代替中、高毒物质,杜绝或减少职业中毒事件发生。Objective To study the hazards of organic solvents in a manufacturing industry of a city in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2016 to 2020,so as to provide scientific basis to prevent and control the hazards of organic solvents in the manufacturing industry.Methods Statistical analysis was performed on the detection results of volatile chemical components of organic solvents in manufacturing industry of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2016 to2020.Results A total of 1047 kinds of chemical poisons were detected in 828 organic solvent samples.The top five detected chemical poisons were toluene(44.69%),xylene(39.49%),ethyl acetate(37.56%),ethylbenzene(34.42%),butyl acetate(31.64%).The top three detected chemical poisons of each year were different but the detection rates of aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene were basically high followed by common chemical poisons such as alkanes,esters and alcohols.The detection rate of medium and high toxic poisons such as of benzene,n-hexane were decreased annually(P<0.01).The annual detection rate of trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethane was low and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The components of organic solvents used in the manufacturing industry of a city in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area were diverse and complex.It was appropriate that manufacturing enterprises made clear the components of organic solvents and studied their chemical toxicity and harm degree for replacing the medium and high toxic organic solvents with non-toxic or low toxic substances so that eliminated and reduced the accidents of occupational poisoning.

关 键 词：金属制造企业 有机溶剂 挥发性化学成分 中高毒化学物质 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]