蛋白印迹试验与病毒载量试验对HIV感染诊断效果对比研究  

Comparative study of western blot test and viral load test in the diagnosis of HIV infection

作　　者：严亚军[1] 桂希恩[1] 冯玲[1] 杨蓉蓉[1] YAN Yajun;GUI Xi'en;FENG Ling;YANG Rongrong(Department of Infectious Diseases,Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中南医院感染科,武汉430071

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2022年第4期446-449,共4页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

摘　　要：目的对比分析WB和VL试验对HIV感染诊断效果,为HIV感染诊断策略提供参考。方法对2019年8月至2021年6月武汉大学中南医院艾滋病确证实验室第四代HIV抗原抗体诊断试剂复检有反应的320例样本,分别进行WB和VL试验并比较两者结果。结果320例样本中,WB检出阳性样本271例,阴性样本12例,不确定样本37例;VL试验检出大于检测限样本304例(其中271例WB阳性样本、7例WB阴性样本及26例WB不确定样本),VL试验检出小于检测限样本16例(其中5例WB阴性样本及11例WB不确定样本),经2~4周随访,VL大于检测限样本均诊断为HIV感染,而VL小于检测限样本均排除了HIV感染。结论WB和VL试验均是诊断HIV感染的有效试验方法,其中VL试验对HIV阳性检出率比WB高。建议HIV抗体筛查试验有反应的样本,补充试验首选WB检测,遇WB阴性或不确定结果,而又疑似急性期/艾滋病晚期HIV感染的样本,再行VL试验检测,即两种试验相互补充,不仅可以达到快速有效诊断,而且可以减轻试验成本。Objective To compare the effects of western blot(WB)and viral load test(VL)on HIV infection diagnosis,so as to provide reference for HIV infection diagnosis strategies.Methods WB and VL tests were performed on 320 samples of the fourth generation HIV antigen and antibody diagnostic reagent retested by the HIV confirmation laboratory of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2019 to June 2021.Test results were compared.Results Among 320 specimens,271 were positive,12 were negative and 37 were uncertain by WB.A total of 304samples were detected above the detection limit by VL test(271 WB positive specimens,7 WB negative specimens and 26WB uncertain specimens),and 16 samples were detected below the detection limit by VL test(5 WB negative specimens and 11 WB uncertain specimens).After 2 to 4 weeks of follow-up,all samples with VL above the detection limit were diagnosed as HIV infection.All samples with VL below the detection limit were excluded from HIV infection.Conclusions Both WB and VL tests are effective test methods to diagnose HIV infection,in which VL test has a higher positive detection rate of HIV infection than WB.It is recommended that WB test is the preferred supplementary test for samples that respond to HIV antibody screening test.In case of WB negative or uncertain results,VL test is recommended for samples suspected of HIV infection in the acute phase/late stage of AIDS.The two tests complement each other,which can achieve rapid and effective diagnosis and reduce the cost of testing.

关 键 词：蛋白印迹试验 病毒载量试验 艾滋病病毒 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]