从声调类型看临高语短调的演化  

A Study on the Evolution of Checked Tones in the Lingao Language:The Tonotype Perspective

作　　者：王文敏 朱晓农 WANG Wenmin;ZHU Xiaonong

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学民族学院,广州51066 [2]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院,徐州221010 [3]云南民族大学民族文化学院,昆明650031

出　　处：《民族语文》2022年第1期38-49,共12页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“海南‘村人’的村落民族志研究(19AZD029)”;国家社科基金一般项目“壮傣语支语言地图集(21BYY039)”的资助。

摘　　要：本文用演化比较法对临高语51个点短调的地理分布、共时差异及其演化历程进行研究。根据短调的地理分布和共时差异,将临高语分为东、中、西3个方言区。中区为T7高T8低的2个短调,但T8的气声消失。东区为T7高T8低且T8保留气声,因声调分化和引进形成3-5类短调;短调分化的原因是增生借词调T9{55}导致T7降低及连串变化。西区为T7低T8高的2个短调,音高发生翻转,原因可能是由发声态变化引起的,即T8产生张声导致基频上升,使低音翻转为高音。This paper,employing the evolutionary comparative approach,presents a study on the geographical distribution,synchronic variations and evolutionary process of the checked tones in fifty-one varieties of the Lingao language(a.k.a Ongbe,Be,or Limkow).The Lingao language is divided into three dialectal groups,the Eastern,the Central and the Western.The Central group has two checked tones,the high T7 and the low T8,with a loss of the breathy voice in T8.The Eastern group has a range of three to five checked tones as a result of tonal split and tonal introduction,T7being high and T8 being low,with T8 still preserving the breathy voice;specifically,the split of checked tones is caused by a depressed T7 and other consequent changes induced by the introduction of a loanword tone T9{55}.The Western group has two checked tones,a low T7 and a high T8.The flip-flop of T7 and T8 in terms of pitch heights is very likely to be caused by a change in the phonation type,that is,the fortis voice arises in T8,which entails the rising of its F0 and changes T8 from a low to a high tone.

关 键 词：临高语 短调 发声态 翻转 演化 

分 类 号：H218[语言文字—少数民族语言]