国外石油公司能源转型的主要特点及其启示  

Main characteristics of energy transition of foreign oil companies and its enlightenments

作　　者：余岭[1] 李春烁 唐旭伟 黄映嘉 夏初阳 YU Ling;LI Chunshuo;TANG Xuwei;HUANG Yingjia;XIA Chuyang(CNPC Economics&Technology Research Institute)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团经济技术研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2022年第3期44-51,共8页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：在油价回升和转型压力加大的双重影响下,国外石油公司转型战略和发展策略呈现与以往不同的特点和趋势。国家气候政策是推动石油公司转型的首要因素,投资者是石油公司能源转型重要的内部推动因素,非政府环保组织是推动石油公司转型的重要外部因素,能源供给端和消费端变革是能源转型的主要动力和方向指引。国际大石油公司是能源转型的引领者,但是不同类型的石油公司在转型战略和策略的选择上差异较大。国际大石油公司对全业务链进行低碳化、零碳化变革和负碳化创新,国家石油公司多数仍是能源转型的跟随者和观望者。中国石油公司面临不同的转型环境,既要借鉴国外石油公司的经验,也要理性看待转型过程中存在的问题,坚定走中国特色的能源转型之路。针对中国石油企业降碳减排面临的实际困难,政府部门应充分发挥政策的关键引导作用。石油企业应结合国内和国际减碳要求,制定切实可行的减排计划。Since 2021,the transition and development strategies of foreign oil companies have taken on different characteristics and trends under the double effect of oil price recovery and the increasing pressure of transition.National climate policy is the primary factor to promote the transition of oil company,investor is the important internal factor to promote the transition of oil company,non-governmental environmental organization is the important external factor to promote the transition of oil company,and the transition of energy supply side and consumption side is the main driving force and direction guidance of energy transition.Major international oil companies would be leaders of energy transition and different kinds of oil companies have different strategies and development measures.The major international oil companies carry out low-carbon,zero-carbon transition and negative-carbon innovation in the whole business chain and most of the national oil companies are still the followers and spectators of the energy transition.With different environment,Chinese oil companies’ energy transition should not only learn from the experience of foreign oil companies,but also rationally look at the problems in the process of transition and firmly take the road of energy transition with Chinese characteristics.In view of practical difficulties of carbon reduction and emission reduction faced by Chinese oil enterprises,government departments should give full play to the key guiding role of policy.Oil enterprises shall formulate practical emission reduction plans in accordance with domestic and international requirements for carbon reduction.

关 键 词：石油公司 能源转型 转型动因 转型战略 低碳化 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济] F125