基于风险评估基准的城市安全风险评估框架及方法研究  

Research of urban safety risk assessment framework and method based on risk assessment benchmark

作　　者：吴远巍 陈文涛[2,3] 王星 刘文革 于雷 赵乾 WU Yuan-wei;CHEN Wen-tao;WANG Xing;LIU Wen-ge;YU Lei;ZHAO Qian(Information Institute of The Ministry of Emergency Management of PRC,Beijing 100029,China;China Research Center for Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;China Occupational Safety and Health Association,Beijing 100011,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部信息研究院,北京100029 [2]武汉理工大学中国应急管理研究中心,武汉430070 [3]中国职业安全健康协会,北京100011

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2022年第2期582-587,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：城市安全风险评估工作的利益相关者主要有地方政府、行业监管部门、第三方机构和风险责任单位。对利益相关者的风险认知差异和利益冲突控制不当,会对评估工作产生负面影响。为弥补现有研究忽视利益相关者影响的缺陷,构建了以安全风险评估基准为核心的城市安全风险评估框架及相应的评估指标体系。安全风险评估基准由“规模适中、边界清晰的评估单元”“必要的符合要求的管控措施”和“具备可比性、可叠加性的固有风险值及控制风险值”构成,可通过试点评估、专家和行业监管部门会商修正来确定。在安全风险评估基准确定后,根据固有危险性的变化和暴露人群的增减确定固有风险调整系数,根据管控措施和管理水平的差异确定控制风险调整系数。企业的整体安全风险等级由各评估单元的固有风险最高等级及其对应的控制风险分别确定,行业(区域)安全风险评估可由行业(区域)固有风险值、行业(区域)重大风险集聚系数、行业(区域)控制风险平均变动程度3个指标进行分析。评估人员对照进行风险辨识,在信息管理平台填入相关信息,即可由平台自动生成评估单元、企业、行业和区域的风险评估结果。Stakeholders of urban safety risk assessment mainly include local governments,industry supervision departments,third-party institutions,and risk-responsible units.Improper control of stakeholders’risk perception differences and conflicts of interest may have a negative impact on the evaluation work.To make up for the defect that the existing research ignores the influence of stakeholders,this paper constructs an urban security risk assessment framework with the safety risk assessment benchmark as the core,as well as enterprise,industry and regional safety risk assessment indicators.Safety risk assessment benchmark consists of“assessment unit with moderate scale and clear boundary”,“necessary control measures that meet the requirements”,“inherent risk value with comparability and superposition,and control risk value”,which can be determined through pilot assessment and consultation between experts and industry regulatory authorities.After the safety risk assessment benchmark is determined,the inherent risk adjustment coefficient is determined according to the change of inherent risk and the increase or decrease of the exposed population,and the control risk adjustment coefficient is determined according to the difference of control measures and management level.The overall safety risk level of an enterprise is determined by the highest inherent risk level of each evaluation unit and its corresponding control risk.The industry(regional)safety risk status can be analyzed by three indicators:industry(regional)inherent risk value,industry(regional)major risk agglomeration coefficient,and industry(regional)average change degree of control risk.The appraisers carry out risk identification against the safety risk assessment benchmark and risk adjustment coefficient and fill in relevant information on the information management platform so that the platform can automatically generate the risk assessment results of evaluation units,enterprises,industries,and regions.Compared with the traditional evaluation me

关 键 词：安全工程 城市安全 利益相关者 固有风险 控制风险 

分 类 号：X923[环境科学与工程—安全科学]