黄河轻型破冰船开河期破冰试验  

Test of the Artificial River-Ice Breakup by the Yellow River Icebreaker

作　　者：谢志刚[1,2] 邓宇[1,2] 王吉诰 郑兴 苏磊 XIE Zhigang;DENG Yu;WANG Jigao;ZHENG Xing;SU Lei(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Research Center on Levee Safety and Disaster Prevention,MWR,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Baotou Ping’an Navigation Company Limited,Baotou 014000,China;Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150006,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部堤防安全与病害防治工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450003 [3]包头市平安航运有限责任公司,内蒙古包头014000 [4]哈尔滨工程大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第5期71-74,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508405);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879116,51979024)。

摘　　要：黄河开河期极易在桥梁、浮桥和建筑物附近形成堆冰,进而形成局部冰坝险情。由于传统的爆破破冰手段存在安全隐患,因此提出了一种轻型破冰船主动干预破冰方式。该轻型破冰船与黄河河道及冰凌特点相适应,破冰船长27.7 m,型宽7.0 m,设计吃水深度为1.3 m,主机功率772 kW。通过在黄河开河期实施连续式破冰、冲撞式破冰、辅助式破冰和碎冰区航行等4项破冰作业试验,验证了该破冰船破冰作业的安全性、有效性和能动性。破冰船最大破冰冰厚超过50 cm, 2 h内可疏通1 km河道航道,破冰面积超过4万m^(2)。研究成果为消除黄河凌汛期局部冰坝隐患提供了新的手段,同时也为水上抢险作业提供了参考。During the ice break-up period of the Yellow River, it is very easy to form piled ices near bridges, floating bridges and buildings, and then locally form ice dams. Because of the potential safety hazards of traditional blasting ice method, a light icebreaker was proposed by this paper. The light icebreaker was mainly applicable to the characteristics of the Yellow River channel and ice characteristic. The structure and performance of the icebreaker were as follows: the length was 27.7 m, the width was 7.0 m, the draft was 1.3 m and the main engine power was 772 kW. The safety, effectiveness and initiative of the ice breaking operation of the icebreaker were verified by four ice breaking operation tests, such as continuous ice breaking, collision ice breaking, auxiliary ice breaking and navigation in the ice breaking area during the ice break-up period of the Yellow River. The maximum ice breaking thickness of the icebreaker was more than 50 cm. It could open up 1 km of river channel within 2 hours, and the ice breaking area is more than 40 000 m^(2). The research results provide a new means to eliminate the hidden dangers of local ice dams in the ice season of the Yellow River, and also provide a reference for water rescue operations.

关 键 词：破冰船 破冰 试验 黄河 

分 类 号：TV62[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1