黄河生态调度对下游鱼类多样性影响研究  

Effect of Ecological Flow Regulation on Fish Diversity in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：葛雷 周子俊 沈红保[2] 黄玉芳 王益昌 GE Lei;ZHOU Zijun;SHEN Hongbao;HUANG Yufang;WANG Yichang(Institute of Yellow River Water Resources Protection,Zhengzhou 450004,China;Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute,Xi’an 710086,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水资源保护科学研究院,河南郑州450004 [2]黄河水产研究所,陕西西安710086

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第5期115-120,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404401);中央行政事业类项目(126201690000190001);河南省重大科技专项(201300311400)。

摘　　要：为评估黄河小浪底水利枢纽生态调度效果,选择其下游巩义段和利津段于2018—2020年鱼类繁殖期(4—6月)对鱼类群落结构和生物多样性进行了调查研究,采集鱼类7目15科52种;鱼类群落的Margalef丰富度指数为3.24~5.18,Pielou均匀度指数为0.48~0.57,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.29~4.30,Simpson优势度指数为0.81~0.92,两河段丰度/生物量比较曲线法统计量W均大于0;与2010—2011年相比,黄河下游鱼类群落多样性增加明显,群落结构趋于稳定,鱼类资源恢复良好。连续多年的黄河生态调度对下游鱼类资源恢复起到了积极作用,但黄河利津段过河口洄游鱼类资源恢复较慢,建议进一步增加繁殖期入海水量,修复河口近海洄游鱼类栖息生境。In order to evaluate the effect of ecological flow regulation of Xiaolangdi Control Works on the lower Yellow River, fish community surveys were conducted in Gongyi and Lijin reaches during the ecological critical period (from April to June) in the period of 2018-2020. 52 species of fishes belonging to 15 families and 7 orders were recorded, among which Cyprinids accounted for 60.4% of the total species. The results show that Margale’s index at critical period in the lower Yellow River ranges from 3.24 to 5.18, while Pielou evenness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson index are between 0.48-0.57, 3.29-4.30 and 0.81-0.92 respectively. In addition, values of W from ABC analysis in both reaches are above zero. Comparison of our findings with historical data sets indicated fish resources in the lower Yellow River have recovered well with increased diversity of fish community and stable community structure. In conclusion, the continuous ecological regulation has played a positive role in resources recovery of native fishes in the lower Yellow River. But the recovery of migratory fish resources in Lijin reach is yet slow. It suggests to further increase flow during the breeding period for the restoration of habitat for migratory fish in estuaries and offshore waters.

关 键 词：生态调度 巩义段 利津段 繁殖期 群落结构 生物多样性 黄河 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源] TV882.1[农业科学—水产科学]