新式叶片在水轮机增容改造中的应用  

Application of New Type Blades for Water Turbine Capacity-increasing and Modification

作　　者：马希金[1] 宛航 韩作鹏 MA Xi-jin;WAN Hang;HAN Zuo-peng(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou Univ.of Tech.,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《液压气动与密封》2022年第5期35-39,共5页Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0606100)。

摘　　要：对于投运多年的水电站,机组在运行过程中普遍暴露出效率低、水力稳定性差等问题。究其原因主要是设计之初的自然环境已发生巨大改变,设计理念的不成熟以及生产制造技术的精度跟不上,加上运行过程中的必要损耗,故而造成机组存在多方面的隐患,给设备的安全稳定运行带来严重威胁。对于老旧电站,现阶段提升水轮机的水力性能主要通过技术改造更换水轮机转轮和导水机构或切割叶片出口边来实现。常规的转轮改造方法是选用型谱中出力更大的转轮匹配原有流道实现提升机组出力,但是近年来数值模拟技术在水力机械优化设计中广泛应用,为水轮机的增容改造提供新的思路和方向。经过对国内某水电站HL160-WJ-84型号混流式水轮机组水力参数的探讨和设计理念的研究,最后决定采用负倾角叶片设计理念来设计转轮叶片代替传统二维设计方法设计出来的叶片。对转轮采用重新设计流道、减少叶片数为15片、装载新式叶片的改型方案。For hydropower stations that have been in operation for many years, the unit generally exposed problems such as low efficiency and poor hydraulic stability during operation. The main reason is that the natural environment at the beginning of the design has undergone tremendous changes, the immaturity of the design concept and the inadequacy of the precision of the manufacturing technology, coupled with the necessary losses during operation, have caused the unit to have many hidden dangers. The safe and stable operation of equipment poses a serious threat. For old power stations, the current stage of improving the hydraulic performance of the turbine is mainly achieved through technical transformation, replacement of the turbine runner and water guiding mechanism, or cutting the blade outlet edge. The conventional runner transformation method is to select a runner with a larger output in the model spectrum to match the original flow channel to increase the output of the unit. However, in recent years, numerical simulation technology has been widely used in the optimization design of hydraulic machinery, providing new solutions for the capacity expansion and transformation of hydraulic turbines. Thoughts and directions. After discussing the hydraulic parameters and design concepts of the HL160-WJ-84 Francis turbine unit of a domestic hydropower station, it was finally decided to adopt the negative angle blade design concept to design the runner blades instead of the blades designed by the traditional two-dimensional design method. The runner adopts a modified scheme of redesigning the flow channel, reducing the number of blades, and loading new blades.

关 键 词：混流式水轮机 增容改造 新式叶片 转轮 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TK733[交通运输工程—轮机工程]