tsRNAs的作用机制及其在相关疾病中的潜在应用  

Mechanisms of Action of tRNA-derived Small RNAs and Their Potential Roles in Related Diseases

作　　者：廖天赐 郑婷 沈林園[1] 赵叶[1] 牛丽莉[1] 张顺华[1] 朱砺[1] LIAO Tian-ci;ZHENG Ting;SHEN Lin-yuan;ZHAO Ye;NIU Li-li;ZHANG Shun-hua;ZHU Li(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院四川农业大学畜禽遗传资源发掘与创新利用四川省重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2022年第3期82-90,共9页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31972524、31902135);四川省科技支撑计划(2021YFYZ0007、2020YFN0147、2021YJ0265)资助项目。

摘　　要：近年来,转运RNA(transfer RNA,tRNA)衍生的小RNA(tRNA-derived small RNA,tsRNAs)被认为是一种新的、潜在的非编码RNAs(non-coding RNA,ncRNAs)。根据在前体或成熟tRNA上切割位置的不同,tsRNAs主要被分为两种类型,即tRNA halves(tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA,tiRNAs)和tRNA衍生片段(tRNA-derived fragment,tRFs)。越来越多的证据表明,tsRNAs参与翻译起始抑制、基因沉默和调节核糖体发生等多种细胞代谢过程,并在癌症、神经退行性疾病、代谢性疾病和病毒感染等相关疾病的发生、发展中都起着重要的作用。综述tsRNAs生物学功能和作用机制及其在相关疾病中的潜在应用,总结tsRNAs研究目前存在的问题和未来的研究方向。Recently,tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)were gradually recognized as a novel and potential non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs).There are mainly two types of tsRNAs,including tRNA halves(tiRNAs)and tRNA-derived fragments(tRFs),which differ in the cleavage position of the precursor or mature tRNA transcript.Emerging evidence suggests that tsRNAs are implicated in various cellular processes,including translational inhibition,gene silencing,and ribosome biogenesis.They also play an important role in the development of related diseases such as cancer,neurodegeneration,metabolic diseases and viral infections.This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of action of tsRNAs,the potential application of tsRNAs in related diseases,and the current problems and puts forward future research directions.

关 键 词：tsRNAs 非编码RNA 转运RNA RNA加工 Small RNA 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]