随钻超声井径测量系统设计与实现  

Design and realization of ultrasonic hole caliper measuring system while drilling

作　　者：罗明璋[1] 彭文飞 贾思晖 李雷 连太炜 LUO Mingzhang;PENG Wenfei;JIA Sihui;LI Lei;LIAN Taiwei(Electronics&Information School,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Hubei;Research Institute of Drilling&Production Engineering Technology,Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited,CNPC,Deyang 618300,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]长江大学电子信息学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司钻采工程技术研究院,四川德阳618300

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期75-82,共8页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于声电复合传感机理的锚杆锚固结构荷载监测与评估方法研究”(51978079);川庆钻探工程技术研究院项目“随钻井径测量方法与系统”(CQCJ-2019-01),“随钻数据压缩方法及系统”(CQZT-ZCY-2019-JS-937)。

摘　　要：在钻井过程中,井径是工况异常和地层信息识别的重要参数。准确的井径测量有助于区分“掉块”卡钻与“岩屑床”卡钻以及分析判断地下岩层裂缝、套管损坏的位置及变形情况等。针对目前国内随钻超声井径测量方法存在的盲区大、探测距离短和不适应高密度钻井液环境等不足,设计了一种单周期双极性脉冲发射电路,在保证超声换能器发射功率的前提下,减小了井径测量盲区;提出了基于时变的分段式回波信号补偿方法,以适应高密度钻井液环境下的大范围测量;使用改进型的相关检测算法提取超声反射首波过时,进而计算得到准确的井径值。最后,对上述技术和相应电路进行了实验室测试和现场试验。结果表明,在高密度的钻井液环境下,该系统仍能有效地测量到明显的回波信号,减小测量盲区,扩大测量范围。In the process of drilling,the hole caliper is an important parameter to identify abnormal working conditions and formation information.Accurate caliper measurement helps to distinguish“drop block”stuck drill from“cuttings bed”stuck drill,and to analyze and judge the location and deformation of underground rock cracks,casing damage,etc.Aiming at the disadvantages of the current domestic ultrasonic caliper measurement methods while drilling,such as large blind areas,short detection distances and unsuitability to heavy mud environments,a single-cycle bipolar pulse transmitting circuit was designed to reduce the blind area of borehole caliper measurement under the premise of ensuring the transmitting power of the ultrasonic transducer.A time-varying segmented echo signal compensation method was proposed to adapt to a large-scale measurement in heavy mud environment.The improved correlationdetection algorithm was used to extract the first wave arrival time of the ultrasonic reflection,and then calculate the accurate borehole diameter value.Finally,the above-mentioned technology and the corresponding circuit were verified in laboratory and field.The experimental results show that the system can still effectively measure the obvious echo signal,reduce the measurement blind area and increase the measurement range under the high-density mud environment.

关 键 词：井径测量 超声波测距 发射电路 回波补偿 相关检测 高密度钻井液测试环境 

分 类 号：TE927[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]