朱熹“宁宗嫡孙承重”说与庆元党禁的走向  

“The Main Line Grandson Bears the Burden”:Zhu Xi’s Proposal for Emperor Ningzong’s Mourning Rites and the History of the Qingyuan Proscription

作　　者：王宇[1] Wang Yu(The Research Centre of Zhelogy,Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences,Hangzhou 310007,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省社会科学院浙学研究中心,浙江杭州310007

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第3期46-61,共16页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA013);浙江省社科规划重点项目(20JDZD041)。

摘　　要：根据朱熹的建议,宋宁宗以“嫡孙承重”形式为祖父孝宗服三年之丧,但这导致宁宗在即位后的27个月内不能举行各种吉礼,不能“全享万乘之尊”。韩侂胄及其党羽则力主宁宗不应该“嫡孙承重”,帮助宁宗提前结束了三年之丧;当宪圣太皇太后吴氏驾崩时,韩氏又篡改了其真实的讳日,保证计划中的宁宗第一次南郊之礼照常举行,也在客观上避免了宁宗以嫡曾孙身份服第二个三年之丧。这些举措获得了宁宗的信任,削弱了朱熹等道学士大夫对宁宗的影响力,使韩侂胄集团得以通过庆元党禁击败道学士大夫,决定了宁宗朝前期的政局发展之走向。朱熹创造性地应用“嫡孙承重”理论,反映了他对汉唐经学的精深造诣和拳拳服膺,而通过经学研究介入重大政治决策,也呈现出宋代士大夫政治的独特气象。The Qingyuan Proscription( 庆 元 党 禁) that took place during the early period(1194-1207)of Emperor Ningzong’s reign was an important historical event in the political history of the Southern Song dynasty.It is relevant to the complicated topics of that history,such as the relative powers of the prime minister and emperor,the relationship between the retired emperor and the emperor,and the relationship between the affinal kin clan and scholar-officials.Meanwhile,the proscription provides a classic case study and critical perspective leading to a deeper understanding of the interactions between academic thoughts and the politics of the Song dynasty.Although a rich body of literature on the mechanisms by which Han Tuozhou monopolized power for so long has been written,questions remain unanswered.For instance,the question of Emperor Ningzong’s thinking when he chose to place his confidence in Han Tuozhou for thirteen years and,moreover,tacitly permitted him to use the Qingyuan proscription for the purpose of driving Zhao Ruyu out from the center of court.Taking the mourning rites proper to Ningzong’s relationship with his grandfather as the starting point,this essay discusses how Ningzong became so securely confident in Han Tuozhou.According to Zhu Xi’s(1130-1200) recommendation,even under circumstances where his father(Emperor Guangzong) was yet living,Ningzong should follow the essential mourning rites of “grandson’s assumption of responsibilities for his deceased father mourning rites(disun chengzhong 嫡 孙 承 重)”,and hence remain in mourning for three years for his grandfather(Emperor Xiaozong).This unusual proposal for adjusting the system of ritual institutions symbolized Ningzong’s decision to follow Xiaozong’s inclination towards the political line of the Neo-Confucianism scholar-official group,as well to take Guangzong’s failures while reigning as a negative lesson.Zhu Xi’s position was widely endorsed by a clique of Neo-Confucianism scholar-officials led by Zhao Ruyu,who did

关 键 词：朱熹 宋宁宗 宋孝宗 庆元党禁 礼制 道学 

分 类 号：K245[历史地理—历史学]