“重伤以下无过当规则”的反思与纠偏  

Reflection and Rectification of the “Rule of No Excessive Defense under Serious Injury”

作　　者：徐万龙 Xu Wanlong(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第3期162-175,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：根据“重伤以下无过当规则”,仅当防卫行为造成重伤、死亡结果时,方有可能构成防卫过当。此规则虽可给正当防卫权松绑,却无充分理据。其一,“重伤以下无过当规则”的基础,即“重大损害=重大人身损害”之解释无法成立。其二,“重伤以下无过当规则”和正当防卫的法理基础相割裂,其无法从相关论者所认同的“二元论”“主观权利说”和“不法侵害人丧失法益需保护性说”中推导出来。其三,“重伤以下无过当规则”在刑事政策上会导致私人暴力滥用等负面效果。鉴于以上问题,应重新解释“重大损害”要件:就其范围而言,防卫行为所引起的任何个人法益损害都属“重大损害”中的“损害”;就其程度而言,防卫行为所引起的损害若为刑法所禁止,便是“重大”的。Since “Yu Huan’s intentional injury case”,the justifiable defense system has become the focus of academic and practical circles,especially discussion of the self-defense limit of justifiable defense,that is,how to explain “serious damage that clearly exceeds the necessary limit” in Paragraph 2of Article 20 of the Criminal Law.The majority view is that “clearly exceeding the necessary limit” and“causing serious damage” are the “limit of action” and the “limit of result” of justifiable defense,and these in turn,are considered as the excessive self-defense when the defensive action violates both the limit of action and the limit of result.Among them,“causing serious damage” means “serious injury or death”.Therefore,if the defensive action does not cause serious injury or death,it is impossible to establish excessive self-defense,but justifiable defense,which is the “rule of no excessive defense under serious injury”.However,in terms of the rationality of the “rule of no excessive defense under serious injury”,the relevant supporters have not given sufficient argument,and it seems that “serious damage equals serious injury or death” is self-evident.Accordingly,the academic circles of the country did not extend the system with further reflection on the “rule of no excessive defense under serious injury”.The research on the “rule of no excessive defense under serious injury” under this background can fill the theoretical gap of Chinese self-defense dogmatics to some extent.In conclusion,the “rule of no excessive defense under serious injury” must be completely denied.Firstly,the “rule of no excessive defense under serious injury” reduces “serious injury” to “serious personal injury”.There is no echo in China’s Criminal Law and the implied value judgment that“priority should be given to the protection of body and life” is hardly established.Secondly,the “rule of no excessive defense under serious injury” is separated from the legal basis of

关 键 词：重伤以下无过当规则 正当防卫 防卫过当 刑事政策 重大损害 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]