山地农业多业态经营的生态人类学探讨——以贵州麻山苗族和黄冈侗族传统复合农耕生计方式为例  

Study on Ecological Anthropology of Mountain Agriculture Multiform Operation: Take the Traditional Compound Farming Way of Mashan and Huanggang in Guizhou Province as Examples

作　　者：周丕东[1] 杨成[2] ZHOU Pi-dong;YANG Cheng(College of Management Science and Engineering,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;School of Ethnology and History,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学管理科学与工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州民族大学民族学与历史学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2022年第2期42-46,共5页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“西南少数民族传统生态文化的文献采辑、研究与利用”(项目编号:16ZDA157)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：贵州因具有典型的山地自然生态差异性特征,赋予了特有的资源多样性禀赋。生活在山区的各民族在长期的生产实践中,不断与所依存的生态环境调适,形成了农、林、牧、渔复合农耕多业态经营的弹性生计模式和与之相契合的民族文化,形成了人与自然和谐演进的生态文化共同体。它是贵州山地民族宝贵的生存智慧与农业文化遗产,是当代人们维护所处生态稳态延续的最佳手段和持续生存发展的基本法则。然而,在现代化的进程中,贵州山地农业和民族传统农耕文化受到了严峻的冲击与挑战,表现为生态环境恶化、农业生产发展滞后于此。论文认为,必须重新认识山地农业多业态复合经营这一特点,借助山地民族独具特色并与当地自然环境条件相适应的农耕文化精华,结合现代科学技术,创新出适合贵州山地现代高效农业发展之路。Because of its typical mountain natural ecological characteristics, Guizhou is given unique resource endowment of diversity, life in the mountains of all ethnic groups in the long-term production practice, and the interdependent ecological environment adjustment, formed the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery compound more than farming state elastic livelihood model and corresponds to the national culture, with the building of the evolution of the human and the nature harmonious ecological cultural community".It is the precious survival wisdom and agricultural cultural heritage of Guizhou mountain people, and it is the best way to maintain the steady state of the ecological environment and the basic principle of sustainable survival and development. However, in the process of modernization, the mountain agriculture and the traditional farming culture of Guizhou are severely impacted and challenged,which are manifested as the deterioration of ecological environment, the backward development of agricultural production.It is necessary to re-understand the characteristics of multi-format complex management of mountain agriculture, and to create a road suitable for the development of modern and efficient agriculture in Guizhou mountain region by virtue of the unique characteristics of the mountain nation and the essence of farming culture adapted to the local natural environmental conditions, combined with modern science and technology.

关 键 词：山地农业 多业态经营 农业文化遗产 生态人类学 

分 类 号：C95-05[社会学—民族学]