传统生计方式的文化生态适应研究——以黔西北百纳彝族“漆粮并作”的生计方式为例  

The Study of Cultural and Ecological Adaptation of Traditional Livelihood Way——A Case Study of the Livelihood Way of “Lacquer Trees and Grains Living together” of the Yi People in Baina in the Northwest of Guizhou

作　　者：王振涛 龙先琼[1] WANG Zhen-tao;LONG Xian-qiong(Jishou University,Academy of History and culture,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China;Bijie Medical School,Bijie,Guizhou 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学历史与文化学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]毕节医学高等专科学校,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2022年第2期53-59,共7页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民族贫困地区产业扶贫面临的生态风险及其对策研究”(项目编号:17BMZ110)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黔西北百纳彝族“漆粮并作”是以粮为主以漆为辅的一种传统生计方式,巧妙地利用雀鸟繁育和人工护养从而实现了漆与粮的并作。梯土为“漆粮并作”提供了空间上的可能,雀鸟则是把漆和粮联系在同一空间的媒介,而人工护养使“漆粮并作”成为可能,其表现特征为以土坎为漆、土中为粮的漆粮共生样态。从形式上看是生态适应的结果,而本质上则是反映了百纳彝族传统生计方式存续与变迁的文化特质,这对于认识传统漆树种植模式的多样存续具有一定的参考价值。The "lacquer trees and grains combined production" of the Yi people in Baina in northwestern Guizhou is a traditional livelihood way that grains are the mainstay and lacquer trees are the supplement. It realizes the combined production of lacquer trees and grains through using birds’ breeding cleverly and artificial conservation. The terraced soil provides the spatial possibility of " lacquer tree and grain combined production", while birds are the medium that connects lacquer trees and grains in the same space, and artificial maintenance makes it possible to "paint and grain combined production",which is characterized by the symbiosis of lacquer trees and grains With lacquer trees on the ridge and grains on the land. From a formal point of view, it is the result of ecological adaptation, but in essence it reflects the cultural characteristics of the continuation and changes of the traditional livelihood way of the Yi people in Baina,and it has certain reference value for the current ecological civilization construction.

关 键 词：传统生计方式 粮漆并作 文化生态适应 百纳彝族 

分 类 号：C95-05[社会学—民族学]