颅脑爆炸伤致伤机制及防护研究进展  

Progress in the mechanism and protection of blast-induced traumatic brain injury

作　　者：柳占立[1] 杜智博 张家瑞 严子铭 栗志杰 王鹏[1] 康越 黄献聪 马天 费舟 庄茁[1] LIU Zhanli;DU Zhibo;ZHANG Jiarui;YAN Ziming;LI Zhijie;WANG Peng;KANG Yue;HUANG Xiancong;MA Tian;FEI Zhou;ZHUANG Zhuo(School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100010,China;Xijing Hospital,Air Force Military Medical University,Xi’an 710032,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084 [2]军事科学院军需工程技术研究所,北京100010 [3]空军军医大学西京医院,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2022年第4期29-52,共24页Explosion and Shock Waves

摘　　要：颅脑爆炸伤是现代战争中士兵面临的主要伤害之一,近年来受到广泛关注。冲击波经由颅脑传播带来的直接伤害被称为初级爆炸伤。目前,初级颅脑爆炸伤致伤机制尚不明确,可能是应力波传播、颅骨弯曲变形、颅脑空化及躯干压缩等多种因素共同作用的结果。该研究是涉及多学科交叉、多物理场耦合及短时和长时效应共存的复杂问题,需要通过建立描述冲击波和颅脑相互作用的高精度、多尺度和多物理场数值模型,发展测量颅骨应变、颅内压力、加速度等力学指标的物理测试系统,结合人体和动物病理、生理、行为学等综合因素分析,最终揭示颅脑爆炸伤致伤机制。本文中介绍了初级颅脑爆炸伤致伤机制,给出了颅脑爆炸伤的行为学、生理学相关的医学评价指标,以及颅骨应变、颅内压力等关键力学评估指标,提出了基于致伤机制和评价指标的防护结构设计方法,包括基于新型防冲击波材料的头盔系统改进、头盔缓冲系统设计、增加头部保护系统的封闭性等,最后展望了在精细化建模、原位实验及防护系统设计等诸多方面的发展趋势。Blast-induced traumatic brain injury(bTBI)is one of the major injuries sustained by soldiers in armed conflict,which has been widely concerned by domestic and overseas researchers in recent years.The brain injury caused by a direct interaction between the blast wave and the head is called primary bTBI.Currently,the injury mechanism of primary bTBI is still unclear.The primary bTBI may be the combined result of multi-factors,such as stress wave propagation,skull flexural deformation,cerebrospinal fluid cavitation,and trunk compression.Since it is a complex problem involving the interdisciplinary of medical and engineering,multi-physical field coupling,and coexistence of short-term and long-term effects,it is necessary to reveal the injury mechanism of bTBI by combining physical experiments,numerical simulations,and medical diagnosis.There are three strategies to investigate bTBI.One is to establish a high-precision and multi-physical-field numerical model to describe the interaction of the blast wave and the head.The second is to develop a surrogate head model to measure the skull strain,intracranial pressure,acceleration,and other mechanical quantities.The third is to analyze human and animal pathology and physiology.Comparing the results of these three strategies can reveal the injury mechanism of bTBI in medicine and mechanics.The research status and development in this field are introduced in this paper based on the authors’previous research.The evaluation indexes of bTBI are summarized,including the medical indexes related to behavior and physiology and the critical mechanical indexes,such as skull strain,intracranial pressure,and local stress.Furthermore,the protective structure design based on the injury mechanism and the evaluation indexes is described,including the improvement of the helmet system based on new materials,the design of the helmet buffer system,the increase of the sealing of the head protection system,etc.To figure out the bTBI mechanism,more accurate measurement of the in-situ mechanical

关 键 词：颅脑爆炸伤 致伤机制 评价指标 防护结构设计 创伤后应激障碍 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]