黑河流域中游盆地地下水动态特征及其调蓄能力分析  

Research on the dynamic characteristics of groundwater and regulation capability of aquifers in the intermediate section of Heihe River Basin

作　　者：凤蔚[1] 李文鹏[1] 邵新民 祁晓凡[1] 黎涛[1] FENG Wei;LI Wenpeng;SHAO Xinmin;QI Xiaofan;LI Tao(China Institute for Geo-Environmental Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China;Zhejiang Monitoring Center of Geology Environment,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [2]浙江省地质环境监测中心,浙江杭州310007

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2022年第3期11-21,共11页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目(91025019);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20211256,DD20190322)。

摘　　要：40多年来,我国西北地区大规模的地下水开发利用造成了部分地区地下水水位持续下降甚至泉水干涸,部分地区地下水仍能维持动态稳定,判断这类地区水资源开发利用是否具有可持续性是必须解决的重大科学问题。以黑河流域中游盆地作为研究对象,采用MK检验和连续小波分析等方法,分析长时间序列地下水水位数据的变化特点,研究区域地下水动态特征;结合区域水文地质条件,综合划分黑河流域中游盆地地下水补排平衡区与非平衡区;利用克里金插值法估算1990—2020年盆地含水层对水资源的调节水量,并评价不同动态平衡区的调蓄能力。结果显示,黑河流域中游盆地地下水水位动态类型有:水文型、水文-开采型、开采型和蒸发-开采型4种长周期动态稳定型,过量开采型或上游过度引用地表水型2种长周期持续下降型。黑河-梨园河倾斜平原、酒泉盆地和黑河中游下段侵蚀堆积平原的大厚度含水层是黑河流域中游盆地的地下水补排平衡区,其在1990—2001年共输出地下水12.06×10^(8) m^(3),2001—2020年共储存地下水9.06×10^(8) m^(3)。大厚度含水层为地下水的长周期调蓄提供了充足的空间,在合理控制开采量的前提下,该类含水层的天然调蓄能力可满足生产生活和下游生态用水需要。盆地地下水补排非平衡区,如黑河以东诸河倾斜平原、盐池盆地和榆木山山前诸小河流域等地区,目前的地下水开发利用方式和强度是不可持续的,应适当减少地下水开采量,调节盆地上游的引水量和开采量,抑制地下水资源枯竭。本研究成果可为西北干旱内陆地区水资源管理和持续开发利用提供参考。In the long-term hydrological process over the last four decades,extensive exploitation of groundwater resources has resulted in such problems as continuous decline in groundwater level and dry-up of springs in some areas while groundwater levels were still stable in some other areas.How to judge whether the exploitation of groundwater resources is sustainable or not is a focused scientific issue.In this paper,the intermediate section of Heihe River Basin is selected as the study area.With the methods of MK test and continuous wavelet analysis,the characteristics of groundwater monitoring data with long-term series are analyzed and the regional groundwater regime are examined. By taking the regional hydrogeology into account, the equilibrium and un-equilibrium areas of groundwater are divided in the intermediate section of Heihe River Basin. The regulation amount of aquifers from 1990 to 2020 is estimated with the methods of Kriging interpolation. The regulation capacity of different regions is evaluated. The results show that the regime of groundwater level in the intermediate section of Heihe River Basin includes four types of long-term stable periodic regime: hydrology type, hydrology-exploitation type, exploitation type, and evaporation- exploitation type. Over-exploitation of groundwater or over-diversion of water resources in the upper reaches resulted in the long-term decline type of groundwater regime. The equilibrium areas of groundwater are dominated within the thick aquifers in the intermediate section of Heihe River Basin, mainly located in the Heihe-Liyuanhe River inclined plain, Jiuquan Basin, and erosion and deposition plains in the lower part of the middle reaches of Heihe River. The groundwater amount of 12.06×10^(8) m^(3) in aquifers of the equilibrium areas was pumped from 1990 to 2001 and 9.06×10^(8) m^(3) was stored from 2001 to 2020, indicating that the aquifers with large thickness can provide enough space for the long term regulation of groundwater resources. If the amount of groundwater

关 键 词：黑河流域中游盆地 地下水动态 地下水补排平衡区 大厚度含水层 含水层调蓄 

分 类 号：P641.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]