黑河流域中游盆地地表水与地下水转化机制研究  

Study on the conversion mechanism of surface water and groundwater in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin

作　　者：祁晓凡[1] 李文鹏[1] 崔虎群 康卫东[3] 刘振英 邵新民 QI Xiaofan;LI Wenpeng;CUI Huqun;KANG Weidong;LIU Zhenying;SHAO Xinmin(China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China;Center For Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,CGS,Baoding,Hebei 071051,China;Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710069,China;College of Water Resources&Environment,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050031,China;Zhejiang Monitoring Center of Geology Environment,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [2]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071051 [3]西北大学地质学系,陕西西安710069 [4]河北地质大学水资源与环境学院,河北石家庄050031 [5]浙江省地质环境监测中心,浙江杭州310007

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2022年第3期29-43,共15页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(91025019,91325107);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20160292,DD20190322)。

摘　　要：地表水与地下水相互转化是中国西北干旱内流盆地水循环的显著特征,转化机制研究是盆地水循环规律认知和水资源可持续管理的重要基础。以我国西北干旱内流河黑河流域中游的张掖盆地和盐池盆地为研究区,建立了黑河主干河道时变水平衡模型和地表水地下水耦合数值模型,研究了长周期水文变化和人类活动双重影响下地表水与地下水转化机制,得到如下认识:(1)补给条件由以天然条件下河流渗漏为主的线状补给演变为以河流与引水渠道渗漏的线状补给和灌区田间入渗面状补给,排泄条件由以泉水溢出和天然湿地排泄演变为以泉水溢出与地下水开采为主的排泄。(2)张掖盆地黑河干流河道入渗段和溢出段大致以G312大桥为界,亦称为地表水与地下水转化的转折点。莺落峡—G312大桥段为悬河渗漏段,河道入渗补给主要受控于进入河道的实际过水量。其中,莺落峡—草滩庄段河道入渗补给率为28.20%;草滩庄—G312大桥段河道入渗补给量与河道过水量的关系可用分段函数表达,河道过水量大于或等于0.37×10^(8) m^(3)/mon时呈幂函数关系,小于则呈线性函数关系。G312大桥—正义峡段为地下水溢出段,其中G312大桥—平川大桥段地下水溢出量约占全部溢出量的70%,溢出峰值出现在高崖水文站下游约6 km处,其单长溢出量可达0.46 m^(3)/(s·km)。(3)研究区是一个相对完整的河流—含水层系统,近31年来经历了连枯和连丰的水文变化,地下水补给排泄条件及与地表水转化机制均发生了相应的变化。地表水与地下水转化最强烈的地区为张掖盆地中部的黑河—梨园河倾斜平原。1990—2001年连枯期,灌区引水量总体逐年减少,以河道入渗和渠系渗漏为主的补给量平均以0.06×10^(8) m^(3)/a速率减少,农田灌溉面积增加导致灌溉用水增加,地下水开采量显著增加,地下水水位逐年下降,储存量累计�The mutual transformation of surface water and groundwater is an obvious feature of water cycle in arid inland basins in northwest China.Examination of the transformation mechanism is an important basis for the cognition of basin water cycle law and the sustainable management of water resources.In this paper,the Zhangye Basin and Yanchi Basin in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in the arid inland river of northwest China are taken as the research areas,and the time-varying water balance model of the main channel of the Heihe River and the coupling numerical model of surface water and groundwater are established.The conversion mechanism of surface water and groundwater under the dual influence of long-term hydrological changes and human activities is studied,and the following understanding is obtained.(1)The recharge conditions change from linear recharge dominated by river leakage under natural conditions to linear recharge dominated by river and diversion channel leakage and surface recharge of infiltration in irrigation areas.The discharge conditions change from spring overflow and natural wetland discharge to spring overflow and groundwater exploitation.(2)The infiltration section and overflow section of the Heihe River in the Zhangye Basin are roughly bounded by the G312 Bridge,which is also called the turning point of surface water and groundwater transformation.The Yingluoxia-G312 bridge section is a suspended river leakage section,and the river infiltration recharge is mainly controlled by the actual amount of water entering the river.Among them,the infiltration recharge rate of the Yingluoxia-Caotanzhuang section is 43.34%.The river channel infiltration recharge and river channel flow can be expressed by the piecewise function in the Caotanzhuang-G312 bridge section.When the river channel flow is greater than(or equal to)and less than 3.7×10^(8) m^(3) per month,it shows a power function relationship and a linear function relationship,respevtively.The G312 bridge-Zhengyixia section is the groun

关 键 词：水循环机制 地表水与地下水转化 水平衡 地表水与地下水耦合数值模拟 黑河流域 

分 类 号：P641.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]